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아동복지시설 ADHD 아동·청소년의 문제행동과 인지기능의 특성

Characteristics of Intelligence and Behavioral Problems of ADHD Youth in Welfare Institutions

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주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구에서는 아동복지시설의 심리장애 아동․청소년을 대상으로 ADHD 아동․청소년의 문제행동과 인지기능 특성을 규명하기 위해, 전체지능 수준을 평균 이상과 평균 이하 집단으로 나누어 각 지능집단 내에서 ADHD집단과 기타심리장애(Other Psychological Disorder: OPD)집단의 인지기능 차이를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 2013년 아동복지시설 치료ㆍ재활 지원 시범사업에 참여한 아동․청소년 297명(남:182, 여:115)을 대상으로 K-WISC-III와 K-CBCL 6-18을 실시하였다. CBCL의 DSM ADHD척도의 임상군 절단점인 70T점을 기준으로 ADHD집단과 OPD집단으로 구분하여 집단에 따른 문제행동과 인지기능의 특성을 비교하였다(ADHD:102, OPD집단:195). 연구결과, 첫째, ADHD집단은 OPD집단에 비해 CBCL 6-18의 모든 문제행동 척도 점수가 유의하게 높았다. 둘째, 복지시설의 ADHD집단은 OPD집단에 비해 이해와 차례 맞추기를 제외한 모든 K-WISC소검사에서 유의하게 낮은 수행을 보였다. 셋째, 전체지능이 평균 이상인 집단과 평균 이하인 집단으로 나누어 각 지능집단 내에서 ADHD집단과 OPD집단 간 인지기능 차이를 비교한 결과, 전체 지능이 평균 이상인 경우 ADHD집단과 OPD집단에서 차이가 유의하지 않았다. 반면에, 전체지능이 평균 이하인 경우 ADHD집단은 OPD집단에 비해 언어성 지능, 언어이해와 주의집중 지표점수, 이해와 공통성 소검사가 유의하게 낮았다. 이와 같은 결과는, ADHD증상이 심하더라도 전체 지능이 평균 이상으로 높은 경우 언어능력의 저하를 보이지 않으며, ADHD증상이 반드시 언어능력의 결함과 직접 관련되어 있지는 않다는 것을 시사한다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of intelligence and behavioral problems of ADHD Youth in Welfare Institutions and to determine the intellectual difference between Other Psychological Disorder (OPD) group and ADHD group by dividing the levels of intelligence as follows: above average and below average. The intelligence of 297 children and adolescents(boys:182. girls:115) was tested using K-WISC-III (Korean-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition), and behavior problems were examined using K-CBCL 6-18 (Korea-Child Behavior Checklist 6-18). The sample was divided into the OPD group and the ADHD group using a T-score cut-off point of 70, the cut off score for examining ADHD using the DSM ADHD scale, and the characteristics of behavioral problems and intelligence of each group were compared. As a result, first, the institutionalized ADHD group scored significantly higher on the problem behavior scale of CBCL compared to the OPD group. Second, the samples were divided into two groups again based on intelligence level (one group with higher-than-average intelligence and one group with lower-than-average intelligence), and each group’s intelligence was compared. The results showed no significant difference between ADHD and OPD group among those with higher-than-average intelligence. However, regarding those with lower-than-average intelligence, the ADHD group scored significantly lower on Verbal Comprehension, Freedom from Distractibility Factor Index, Verbal IQ, and Comprehension and Similarities subtests compared to the OPD group. These results indicate that if the intelligence level is above average, ability of language is not affected regardless of the severity of ADHD symptoms, and that ADHD is not always accompanied by defectived language ability.

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