Research on Unscripted Categorization of actus reus Elements of ‘Assault’ and ‘Intimidation’ in Various Crimes of Korean Criminal Act, Its Effect on Gender Disparity in Sex-related Offences and a Suggestion for Legislative Remedy
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For a long time, Korean Criminal Law scholars have asserted that actus reus elements of ‘assault’ and ‘intimidation’ of various crimes in Criminal Act have different meanings, categorizing them into three or four hierarchical levels, resulting in requiring victims of sexual crimes serious resistance or likes as an extra element for rape and similar crimes to be held guilty. What is strange is that the classification does not have a source of the original idea nor textual, factual, or precedential grounds. Aside from the source or citation matter, there’s no argument why they should not be five or more or two or less or why they should be categorized at all. This raises two important questions: (1) if meta-textual or meta-factual categorization or interpretation of actus reus element should be allowed in criminal law under Civil Law system including Korea, and (2) how to correct gender disparity caused as a result of the meta-textual categorization of intensity in ‘assault’ and ‘intimidation’ elements under sex-related offences, of which more than 98% victims are female. Worse yet, after the worldwide ‘Me Too movement,’ the Supreme Court started to correct past conservative interpretations based on the meta-textual categorization by using a term called ‘gender sensitivity’ which is unfamiliar in the legal field as a professional jargon, causing more confusion to both genders in Korean society. Providing such situation, this thesis examines the history of changes toward gender equality along with drastic flow toward reverse inequality and suggests a legislative remedy to address the fundamental chaos by adding a new provision to limit the interpretation of ‘assault’ and ‘intimidation’ elements in sex-related crimes.
Abstract
For a long time, Korean Criminal Law scholars have asserted that actus reus elements of ‘assault’ and ‘intimidation’ of various crimes in Criminal Act have different meanings, categorizing them into three or four hierarchical levels, resulting in requiring victims of sexual crimes serious resistance or likes as an extra element for rape and similar crimes to be held guilty. What is strange is that the classification does not have a source of the original idea nor textual, factual, or precedential grounds. Aside from the source or citation matter, there’s no argument why they should not be five or more or two or less or why they should be categorized at all. This raises two important questions: (1) if meta-textual or meta-factual categorization or interpretation of actus reus element should be allowed in criminal law under Civil Law system including Korea, and (2) how to correct gender disparity caused as a result of the meta-textual categorization of intensity in ‘assault’ and ‘intimidation’ elements under sex-related offences, of which more than 98% victims are female. Worse yet, after the worldwide ‘Me Too movement,’ the Supreme Court started to correct past conservative interpretations based on the meta-textual categorization by using a term called ‘gender sensitivity’ which is unfamiliar in the legal field as a professional jargon, causing more confusion to both genders in Korean society. Providing such situation, this thesis examines the history of changes toward gender equality along with drastic flow toward reverse inequality and suggests a legislative remedy to address the fundamental chaos by adding a new provision to limit the interpretation of ‘assault’ and ‘intimidation’ elements in sex-related crimes.
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