한국판 토론토 공감 질문지의 타당화 연구
A Validation Study of the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire - Korean Version
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초록
타인이 감정을 표현할 때, 사람들은 상황파악이 부족하거나 그 원인을 모르더라도 적절하게 공감하고 반응할 수 있다. 이런 점에서 정서공감은 공감의 기본적이고 고유한 측면이라 할 수 있다. Spreng, McKinnon, Mar와 Levine (2009)은 16문항으로 구성된 토론토 공감 질문지(Toronto Empathy Questionnaire; TEQ)를 제작하였는데 이 척도는 공감에서 정서공감에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 TEQ를 한국어로 번안하여 심리측정적 속성을 분석하는 것이다. 먼저 TEQ를 한국어로 번안한 뒤 200명의 대학원생에게 실시하여 검사-재검사 신뢰도와 내적합치도 및 요인구조를 파악해보았다. 또 다른 255명의 온라인대학생 표집에게는 기존의 공감 척도들 및 공감과 부적 상관을 보이는 것으로 알려진 공격성 척도를 패키지로 실시하여 척도들 간 상관을 살펴보았다. 분석 결과, 적절한 수준의 검사-재검사 신뢰도 및 내적합치도를 나타냈다. 또 기존의 공감 척도들과는 유의미한 정적 상관을 공격성과는 부적 상관을 나타내어 적절한 수렴-변별 타당도를 확인할 수 있었다. 요인구조에 대해서는, 탐색적 요인분석이 단일 요인을 제안한 반면, 확인적 요인분석에서 단일 요인 모델의 적합도가 다소 부족하였다. 끝으로 본 연구의 시사점과 한계를 논의하였다.
Abstract
Humans are capable of empathizing and responding approximately when others express their feelings even though they may not fully understand the situation. In this regard, emotional empathy is the fundamental and unique concept in the meaning of empathy. Spreng et al. (2009) developed the 16 item Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) by focusing on emotional empathy. This study focused on examining psychometric properties of the TEQ. First, The TEQ was translated into Korean. Then, 200 graduate students answered the TEQ. The authors analyzed the test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and factor structure. Another sample of 255 undergraduate students took the package test which includes the ex-empathy questionnaires and aggression scale. With the second sample data, the authors examined the correlation between the scales. Results showed that the test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the TEQ - Korean version were appropriate. Furthermore, it accurately measured convergent validity by showing a significantly positive relationship with ex-empathy questionnaires and a negative relationship with aggression. In terms of factor structure according to the confirmatory factor analysis, there lacked a goodness of fit in the single factor model; conversely, according to the exploratory factor analysis, the single factor was suggested. In addition, implications and limitations of this study were discussed.
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