고려시대 水陸齋의 전개와공민왕대 國行水陸齋설행의 의미

Abstract

Buddhist rituals were given a great deal of weight on the national rituals in Goryo Dynasty. Among these Buddhist rituals, there were rituals that not only kept being performed from the Three Kingdoms period and the Unified Silla period but also that begun after establishment of Goryo Dynasty. The Buddhist Rite for the Beings of Water and Land(Sulyukjae/水陸齋) were also performed for the first time in Goryo Dynasty, Sulyukjae which was accepted in early Goyro period were carried out as national or royal ritual. But, till late Goryo period, it was spread to the Goryo society and performed a part of the royal funeral service. Sulyukjae was accepted in Goryo Dynasty during the reign of King Gwangjong(光宗), at that time, it was performed as nation or royal ritual, not performed privately by common people. On the late 11th century, an groyoastrologer(日官) Sakyum Choi(崔士謙) was visited to the Song China as one of Goryo representatives. He came back to the Goryo with the Ritual Text for the Rite of Water and Land(Sulyukyuimoon/水陸儀文) from Song China, and requested King Seonjong(宣宗) to build a building for Sulyukjae(Sulyukdang/水陸堂) in the Bojesa temple(普濟寺). The introduction of the Sulyukyuimoon and the construction of Sulyukdang mean that the Sulyukjae was systematized at the reign of King Seonjong. The follow three things mean that the Sulyukjae were popular to the Goryo people during the late Goryo period: (1) increase and variety of records on the Sulyukjae, (2) performed the Sulyukjae and published a text on Sulyukjae ritual by the Son sect(禪宗), (3) the Sulykjae was performed at a temple privately or as the rite for Salvation of the Dead by the nobility and government officials. Especially, the Sulyujae was taken for the royal funeral service and the royal rite for salvation of the dead at King Gongmin’s reign, and the Sulyujae as royal ritual had been performed by early Chosen Dynasty. The change of the Sulyukjae during King Gonmin’s reign was made sure at the funeral ceremony of Nokukdaejangkongju(魯國大 長公主) at first, and the Sulyujae for Nokukdaejangkongju’s soul which was managed by Monk Naong Hyegun(懶翁慧勤) was the first case of the National Ritual for the Beings of Water and Land(國行水陸齋) and it performed the royal funeral service(王室喪葬禮) for the first time. The funeral ceremony of Nokukdaejangkongju was kept going during early Chosen period by systemizing new royal funeral service based on the Confucianism.