본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

부정적 자기 도식 수준에 따른 출처감찰과제 수행

Differences in Source Monitoring Task Performance based on Levels of Negative Automatic Thoughts

이훈진|이준득
한국임상심리학회 (Korean Clinical Psychology Association)|2017.11|Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology|제36권 제4호|pp. 630-641|DOI https://doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2017.36.4.013

0

조회

0

다운로드

1

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

우울depression자동적 사고도식 편향출처감찰automatic thoughtschema biassource monitoring
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 우울 성향 집단에서 부정적 자기관련 진술문의 출처기억의 판단에 편향이 있는지를 확인하고, 출처감찰과제의 수행이 우울관련 설문지와 어떤 관계를 갖고 있는지를 검토하였다. 실험 참가자는 모두 73명의 대학생으로, 부정적 자동적 사고 척도(ATQ-N) 점수 1표준편차를 기준으로 높은 집단과 낮은 집단을 구분하였다. 실험실에서 참가자들은 먼저 부정적 자기관련 진술문과 잡학상식 문항을 남녀목소리로 듣는데, 이때 여자는 참을 말하고 남자는 거짓을 말한다는 출처정보를 연합한다. 그 후 시각적으로 제시된 문장을 읽고 참인지거짓인지 들은 적이 없는 것인지를 판단해야 한다. 연구 결과, ATQ-N 점수가 높은 집단은 부정적 자기관련 진술문을 참으로 판단하는 반응률과 참으로 분류해야 하는 경우의 정답률이 더 높았고, 거짓 범주에 대한 출처감찰은 반추 및 부정적 사고를 믿는 정도(ATQ-NB)와 부적 상관이 있었다. 반면, 반추와 부정적 사고를 믿는 정도는 거짓 범주에 대한 반응과 상관이 높았다. 본 연구의 결과는 부적응적 도식의 출처정보에 대한 자동적 처리 과정이 우울증의 인지에 중요한 역할을 한다는 시사점을 주었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 한계점과 후속 연구를위한 제언이 논의되었다.

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the schema bias effect on a source monitoring task of negative self-descriptions. Our second purpose was to explore the relationship between source monitoring performance and depression-related variables. A total of 73 university students with higher and lower levels (±1SD) of negative automatic thoughts (ATQ-N) were included. In the first phase, participants were presented the statement that a man always speaks the truth and a woman always speaks falsely. In the second phase, statements intermixed with new self-descriptions were presented on the computer screen, and the participants were to classify each as “new,” “true,” or “false.” The results of this study can be summarized as follows: the group with higher ATQ-N tended to choose the “true” response more often, and had a higher accuracy rate for the “true” items than did the group with lower ATQ-N. Second, the rate of “false” responses was negatively correlated with rumination, while the accuracy rate for “false” items was negatively correlated with belief in automatic negative thoughts (ATQ-NB) in the higher group. The present findings suggest that the automatic processing of source information about maladaptive schema plays an important role in depression-related cognition. Finally, the limitations of this study were discussed along with suggestions for further research.

참고문헌 (73)

  1. Ahn, C. K., "Standardization of the Korean Version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory", The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 9, pp.443~472 (1997)
  2. Batchelder, W. H., "Contributions to Mathematical Psychology, Psychometrics, and Methodology", pp.51~65 (1994), Springer-Verlag
  3. Batchelder, W. H., "Multinomial processing models of source monitoring", Psychological Review, 97, pp.548~ (1990)
  4. Bayen, U. J., "Influences of source-item contingency and schematic knowledge on source monitoring tests of the probability-matching account", Journal of Memory and Language, 64(1), pp.1~17 (2011)
  5. Bayen, U. J., "The use of schematic knowledge about sources in source monitoring", Memory & Cognition, 28, pp.480~500 (2000)
  6. Affective norms for English words (ANEW): Instruction manual and affective ratings, "Bradley, M. M.", the center for research in psychophysiology. University of Florida, 1~45, pp.Technical report C-1 (1999)
  7. Carver, C. S., "On the self-regulation of behavior" (1998), Cambridge University Press
  8. 최아영, "K-WAIS-IV 단축형의 타당도", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33(2), pp.413~428 (2014), 한국임상심리학회
  9. Chon, K. K., "Integrated Adaptation of CES - D in Korea", Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 6, pp.59~76 (2001)
  10. Christianson, S. Å., "Remembering emotional events: The fate of detailed information", Cognition & Emotion, 5, pp.81~108 (1991)
  11. Cook, G. I., "Source monitoring is not always enhanced for valenced material", Memory & Cognition, 35, pp.222~230 (2007)
  12. Cook, G. I., "Halo and devil effects demonstrate valenced-based influences on source-monitoring decisions", Consciousness and Cognition, 12, pp.257~278 (2003)
  13. D’argembeau, A. D., "Affective valence and the self‐reference effect: Influence of retrieval conditions", British Journal of Psychology, 96, pp.457~466 (2005)
  14. D’argembeau, A. D., "Remembering pride and shame: Self-enhancement and the phenomenology of autobiographical memory", Memory, 16, pp.538~547 (2008)
  15. Degl’Innocenti, A., "Source memory in major depression", Journal of Affective Disorder, 54(1), pp.205~209 (1999)
  16. Denny, E. B., "Affective valence and memory in depression: Dissociation of recall and fragment completion", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, pp.575~ (1992)
  17. Dobbins, I. G., "Cue-versus probe-dependent prefrontal cortex activity during contextual remembering", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, pp.1439~1452 (2006)
  18. Dobson, K. S., "Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies" (2009), Guilford Press
  19. Doerksen, S., "Source memory enhancement for emotional words", Emotion, 1, pp.5~ (2001)
  20. Durbin, K. A., "Source memory that encoding was self-referential: The influence of stimulus characteristics", Memory, 25, pp.1191~1200 (2017)
  21. Duval, S., "A theory of objective selfconsciousness" (1972), Academic
  22. El Haj, M., "What do we know about the relationship between source monitoring deficits and executive dysfunction?", Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 22, pp.449~472 (2012)
  23. Fossati, P., "Distributed self in episodic memory: neural correlates of successful retrieval of selfencoded positive and negative personality traits", Neuroimage, 22, pp.1596~1604 (2004)
  24. Gotlib, I. H., "Coherence and specificity of informationprocessing biases in depression and social phobia", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, pp.386~ (2004)
  25. Gutchess, A. H., "Ageing and the self-reference effect in memory", Memory, 15, pp.822~837 (2007)
  26. Hayes, S. C., "Get out of your mind and into your life: The new acceptance and commitment therapy" (2005), New Harbinger Publications
  27. Heaton, R. K., "Wisconsin card sorting test: Manual" (1993), Psychological Assessment Resources
  28. Hess, T. M., "Information content moderates positivity and negativity biases in memory", Psychology and Aging, 28, pp.853~ (2013)
  29. Hicks, J. L., "The effect of general knowledge on source memory and decision processes", Journal of Memory and Language, 48(3), pp.489~501 (2003)
  30. Higgans, E. T., "When do self-discrepancies have specific relations to emotions? The second-generation question of Tangney, Niedenthal, Covert, and Barlow (1998)", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, pp.1313~1317 (1999)
  31. Hollon, S. D., "Cognitive self-statements in depression: Development of an automatic thoughts questionnaire", Cognitive Therapy and Research, 4, pp.383~395 (1980)
  32. Hwang, S. T., "Standardization of the K-WAIS-IV", Korean Journal of Psychology, 1, pp.140~ (2012)
  33. Jacoby, L. L., "Dual-process theories in social psychology", pp.383~400 (1999), Guilford Press
  34. Johnson, M. K., "Feature memory and binding in young and older adults", Memory & Cognition, 24, pp.403~416 (1996)
  35. Johnson, M. K., "Source monitoring", Psychological Bulletin, 114, pp.3~ (1993)
  36. Kahan, T. L., "Self effects in memory for person information", Social Cognition, 10, pp.30~50 (1992)
  37. Keenan, J. M., "Factors controlling the advantage of self-reference over other-reference", Social Cognition, 10, pp.79~94 (1992)
  38. Kim, K., "Extended self: Medial prefrontal activity during transient association of self and objects", Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 7, pp.199~207 (2010)
  39. 김소정, "한국판 반추적 반응 척도(K-RRS)의 타당화 연구", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29(1), pp.1~19 (2010), 한국임상심리학회
  40. Klein, S. B., "Self, memory, and the self-reference effect: An examination of conceptual and methodological issues", Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16, pp.283~300 (2012)
  41. Klein, S. B., "The nature of self-referent encoding:The contributions of elaborative and organizational processes", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, pp.5~ (1988)
  42. Klein, S. B., "The Sage Handbook of Applied Memory" (2014), Sage
  43. Kwon, S. M., "The development study of Korean Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire", Student Rearch, 12, pp.10~25 (1994)
  44. 이준득, "출처 감찰 연구의 개관: 기본개념, 측정이론 및 도식 편향 현상에 대해", 한국심리학회지:일반, 36(3), pp.397~420 (2017), 한국심리학회
  45. Leshikar, E. D., "Medial prefrontal cortex supports source memory accuracy for self-referenced items", Social Neuroscience, 7, pp.126~145 (2012)
  46. Leshikar, E. D., "Medial prefrontal cortex supports source memory for self-referenced materials in young and older adults", Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 14, pp.236~252 (2014)
  47. Macmillan, N. A., "Detection theory: A user's guide" (2004), Lawrence Elbaum
  48. Marsh, R. L., "Gender and orientation stereotypes bias sourcemonitoring attributions", Memory, 14, pp.148~160 (2006)
  49. Mather, M., "Memory and emotion: Interdisciplinary perspectives", pp.135~158 (2006), Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  50. Mather, M., "Emotional arousal and memory binding: An object-based framework", Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2, pp.33~52 (2007)
  51. Mather, M., "Emotional arousal can impair feature binding in working memory", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, pp.614~625 (2006)
  52. 문현미, "심리적 수용 촉진 프로그램의 개발과 효과 : 수용-전념 치료 모델을 중심으로", 박사, 상담심리학, pp.2006
  53. Nolde, S. F., "Left prefrontal activation during episodic remembering: An event‐related fMRI study", NeuroReport, 9, pp.3509~3514 (1998)
  54. Nolen-Hoeksema., S., "Response styles questionnaire", ~ (1991)
  55. Pauly, K., "The neural correlates of positive self-evaluation and self-related memory", Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8, pp.878~886 (2012)
  56. Pyczsinski, T., "Self-regulatory perseveration and thedepressive self-focusing style: A self-awareness theory of depression", Psychological Bulletin, 102, pp.122~138 (1987)
  57. Radloff, L. S., "The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population", Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, pp.385~401 (1977)
  58. Reisberg, D., "Memory and emotion", pp.3~40 (2004), Oxford University Press
  59. Rinck, M., "A comparison of attentional biases and memory biases in women with social phobia and major depression", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, pp.62~ (2005)
  60. Rogers, T. B., "Self-reference and the encoding of personal information", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, pp.677~ (1977)
  61. Rybash, J. M., "Source memory deficits and frontal lobe functioning in children", Developmental Neuropsychology, 10, pp.67~73 (1994)
  62. Sedikides, C., "On the self-protective nature of inconsistency-negativity management: Using the person memory paradigm to examine self-referent memory", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, pp.906~ (2000)
  63. Serbun, S. J., "Memory for details with self-referencing", Memory, 19, pp.1004~1014 (2011)
  64. Siedlecki, K. L., "Is there anything special about the aging of source memory?", Psychology and Aging, 20, pp.19~ (2005)
  65. Spaniol, J., "When is schematic knowledge used in source monitoring?", Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition, 28, pp.631~651 (2002)
  66. Symons, C. S., "The self-reference effect in memory: A meta-analysis", Psychological bulletin, 121, pp.371~ (1997)
  67. Teasdale, J. D., "Psychological treatments for depression:How do they work?", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, pp.157~165 (1985)
  68. Victor, T. A., "Relationship between amygdala responses to masked faces and mood state and treatment in major depressive disorder", Archives of general psychiatry, 67, pp.1128~1138 (2010)
  69. Williams, J. M. G., "The specificity of autobiographical memory and imageability of the future", Memory & Cognition, 24, pp.116~125 (1996)
  70. 양재원, "부정적 자동적 사고 질문지(ATQ-N)와 긍정적 자동적 사고 질문지(ATQ-P)의 타당화 연구:청소년 집단을 대상으로", Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24(3), pp.631~646 (2005), 한국임상심리학회
  71. Yang, L., "The effects of ageing and divided attention on the self-reference effect in emotional memory: Spontaneous or effortful mnemonic benefits?", Memory, 20, pp.596~607 (2012)
  72. Yoshimura, S., "Self-referential processing of negative stimuli within the ventral anterior cingulate gyrus and right amygdala", Brain and Cognition, 69, pp.218~225 (2009)
  73. Young, J. E., "Schema therapy:A practitioner's guide" (2003), Guilford Press

관련 논문AI추천

우울증의 인지적 취약성: 반추와 기억편향을 중심으로권정혜, 권호인한국심리학회 · 한국심리학회지:일반2012 · 제31권 제4호우울집단과 사회불안집단의 부정적 정보에 대한 통제처리 및 자동처리 편향강승석, 오경자한국임상심리학회 · Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology2003 · 제22권 제1호자기인지의 구조와 정보처리과정에 있어서 우울집단의 특성한국심리학회 · 한국심리학회지:일반1996 · 제15권 제1호대학생의 우울 생성적 추론 양식과 과일반 기억 및 우울 증상의 관계: 자기 기능의 조절된 매개 효과이종환, 임종민, 장문선, 한시온한국건강심리학회 · 한국심리학회지: 건강2024 · 제29권 제4호자기초점주의가 우울집단에서 자서전적 기억의 과일반화에 미치는 영향박현, 신현균한국임상심리학회 · 한국심리학회지: 임상심리 연구와 실제2019 · 제5권 제1호자전적 기억의 과일반화와 반추가 우울에 미치는 영향이혜림, 최윤경한국임상심리학회 · Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology2012 · 제31권 제2호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (13건)

불안 및 관련 장애들의 근거기반치료: 기준, 연구 이슈, 논평 및 제언조용래pp. 449-457공황장애에 대한 근거기반치료박수현pp. 458-469사회불안장애의 근거기반치료김현수, 양재원pp. 470-493범불안장애의 근거기반심리치료김근향pp. 494-508강박장애에 대한 근거기반치료김일중, 신민섭pp. 509-525
원문 보기