신재생에너지 발전이 우리나라 CO2 배출에 미치는 영향분석
The Effect of Electricity Generation through Renewable Energy on CO2 Emissions in Korea
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초록
최근까지 환경오염과 경제성장 및 에너지 소비량 간의 관계를 분석한 연구들이 다수 진행되어 왔으나, 신재생에너지 발전량의 확대가 온실가스 저감에 미치는 직접적 영향에 대한 연구는 부족하였다. 본 연구는 우리나라의 경제성장과 전력 소비의 증가가 환경오염에 미치는 영향을 분석함에 있어서 신재생에너지 발전의 확대에 따른 영향을 함께 분석하였다. 1970년대 이후 가파른 경제성장으로 장기적으로 소득이 1% 증가할 때 CO2 배출량은 305%씩 빠르게 증가하다가 소득 임계점을 지나면 소득이 1% 증가할 때 CO2 배출은 15.4%씩 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 총 전력 소비의 1% 증가는 CO2 배출을 37.5% 증가시키는 것으로 나타난 반면, 신재생에너지 발전량 1% 증가는 16.8%의 CO2 배출을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
Although there are many previous studies on the relationship between environmental quality and economic growth such as income and energy consumption, relatively little attention has been paid to model the effect of renewable energy generation on the environment. The main objective of this study is to estimate the effect of economic growth, total electricity consumption and amount of electricity generation through renewable energy on CO2 emissions in Korea. The empirical results show that the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is supported for Korea economy. In the long-run, 1% increase in total electricity consumption results in 37.5% increase in CO2 emissions while 1% increase in electricity generation through renewable energy causes 16.8% decrease in CO2 emissions. In the short-run, all variables also play key roles in affecting environmental quality.
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