예술과 유희의 연관성에 관한 미학사적 고찰(1) - 고대 그리스와 칸트와 실러의 미학사상을 중심으로 -

Abstract

The philosophical reflection on art and play dates back to Plato and Aristotle, the founders of Western philosophy. In particular, the close relation between art and play was already inherent in the concept of mimesis which two philosophers paid attention to. However, the problem of arts and play, not as a fragmental issue, but as a ‘historical task’, has emerged in the 18th century that Cassirer has called 'the era of criticism'. Since then, philosophical-aesthetic discussions about art and play have been spreading and varied widely to present day. This paper examines Kant and Schiller's theories of aesthetics, esteemed as the modern apex of this proliferation and variation, focusing on the concept of aesthetic experience. Play was never merely an element of art or a form produced by art. On the contrary, play has been a decisive driving force for the origins of art and the internal differentiation of art since the Greek times. However, discussion on amusement since the modern era is remarkably deepened and extended in the background of the artistic autonomy and the synthesis of civil culture through arts. I have examined this through aesthetic theories of Kant and Schiller. In Kant aesthetics, play is discussed in the form of free reciprocal play between imagination and intellect, play as aesthetic form, play as a condition of free aesthetic contemplation, play as an internal driver of aesthetic idea(ästhetische Idee). And then Schiller not only accepts Kant's argument but also brings the play to a 'play impulse’ as a transcendental condition of human mind. In particular, Schiller argued that the aesthetic experience and the basis of the existence of art were more philosophically-anthropologically and more civilizationally discussed than Kant, by arguing that the unique object of the play impulse is the "objective idea of the beauty" can do. Today, all discussions about the relationship between art and play should start from the recognition of the theoretical accomplishments of these thinkers.