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기업벤처투자사(Corporate Venture Capital)의 성과 및 성과요인에 대한 연구

A Study on the Factors Affecting the Performance of Corporate Venture Capital

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초록

본 연구는 기업벤처투자사(Corporate Venture Capital, CVC)의 지분투자에 대한 성과를 재무적 투자수익만을 목표로 하는 벤처투자사(Venture Capital, VC)와 비교하고, CVC 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. CVC의 성과 측정에 대한 기존 연구는 무형자산인 지식이나 특허 등을 중심으로 진행되어 왔으며, 정량적으로 성과를 측정하고 성과 요인을 체계적으로 분석한 연구는 없는 실정이다. 이러한 상황에서 본 연구는 CVC 및 VC의 성과에 대한 기존 문헌들을 살펴보고, CVC와 VC의 성과 차이 여부 및 CVC의 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 살펴본다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 지난 10년 간의 한국 CVC 및 VC 데이터를 이용하여 성과 차이는 분산분석을, CVC 성과 요인은 패널분석을 사용하여 분석을 진행하였다. CVC와 VC의 성과 측정을 위해서는 Tobin’s Q를 사용하였으며, 분석 결과 지난 시기 한국의 CVC와 VC의 성과는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며, CVC 성과가 VC 성과에 비해 평균적으로 낮은 것으로 나타났다. CVC의 성과 요인 분석 결과, 종업원수, 투자업력, 동종투자비율, 초기투자비율, 직접투자비율이 CVC의 성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 반면, VC의 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 알려진 투자금액과 투자기업수는 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 분석 결과에 기반하여 CVC의 성과 향상을 위한 시사점을 제시하였으며, 이는 향후 CVC 신규 설립 또는 운영 그리고 정부의 창업 및 벤처투자 지원정책에 유용한 시사점을 줄 것으로 판단된다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of Corporate Venture Capital (CVC) with that of Venture Capital (VC), and identify the key factors that affect CVC's performance. The previous studies on measuring CVC's performance have mainly focused on intangible assets such as knowledge and patents, and there are few studies that quantitatively measure the performance of CVC. However, this study examined how and why performance differs between CVC and VC by identifying the key factors through the literature review on the performance of CVC and VC as well as empirical analysis with the CVC data in Korea over the past 10 years. In this process, we used Tobin’s Q which can reflect future value of investment in CVC's performance. As a result, we found that the performance between CVC and VC is different from each other and CVC's performance is lower than that of VC. The key factors affecting CVC's performance are the total number of employees, the period of investment experience, the investment ratio in the same industry, the initial investment ratio, and the direct investment ratio. The amount of total investment and the number of invested companies that are known to affect the performance of VC are not significant. This study provides useful implications for improving the performance of CVC, which can be used in the establishment or operation of CVC in the future.

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