원천기술 보유와 개방형 혁신(Open Innovation)이 기업의 효율성에 미치는 영향: 국내 ICT 중소기업을 중심으로
The effect of the original technology possession and open innovation on the firm efficiency: focusing on Korean ICT SMEs
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초록
원천 기술 개발이 기술 파급력은 높지만 그만큼 투자 위험성도 높기에, 외부와의 협력을강조한 개방형 혁신이 주목받고 있다. 그렇기에, 상대적으로 제한된 자본과 기회를 가진중소기업에게 있어 개방형 기술혁신은 효율적인 성장을 위한 전략이 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 기업의 개방형 혁신이 폐쇄형 혁신보다 효율성이 높은지를 보고자 한다. 국내 ICT 중소기업을 대상으로 원천 기술 보유 여부와 폐쇄형 혁신과 개방형 혁신의 효율성에 따라2X2로 4개의 그룹으로 기술 효율성을 분석한다. SFA(Stochastic Frontier Analaysis)를 통해그룹 내의 효율성을 분석하고 MFA(Meta-Frontier Analysis)를 통해 그룹 간의 효율성을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 중소기업의 기술혁신에 있어 원천 기술을 가지지 않은 개방형 혁신을 한그룹이 효율성이 가장 높게 나왔으며, 자체 연구개발에 집중하는 폐쇄형 혁신 전략은 개방형혁신 전략에 비해 비효율적이었다. 이를 통해, 자금력과 인력이 제한적인 중소기업에게는투자 위험성이 높은 폐쇄형 혁신 전략과 원천 기술 확보 전략보다는 개방형 혁신을 통한기술 확보가 기업에게 더 효율적인 전략이라는 시사점을 제공한다.
Abstract
For SMEs with relatively limited capital and opportunities, technology innovation can be a good strategy for growth. However, for technology innovation, companies will have to consider how much input should be made and whether the efficiency of the result compared to the input is high, and if there are internal limitations, various strategies such as cooperation with the other companies will be considered. In this study, patents were considered as investments in corporate innovation. For domestic ICT SMEs, it intends to demonstrate whether there is a difference in technical efficiency depending on whether they have cited patents or not. It also seeks to demonstrate whether open innovation is more efficient through patent transactions with external companies. SFA(Stochastic Frontier Analysis) and MFA(Meta-Frontier Analysis) methodologies were used, and the group was divided into four groups through the possession of cited patents and open innovation, and the efficiency of each group was compared. As a result, in the innovation of SMEs, the group that did open innovation without cited patents showed the highest efficiency, and the strategy to focus on R&D to make major patents was not as efficient as the open innovation strategy.
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