한말·일제하 김해지역 민족운동과 사회운동

Abstract

Matters that we can confirm from the racial and social movement in Gimhae area in the Late Chosun Dynasty and the Japanese colonial era are as follows. During the patriotic enlightenment movement in the late Chosun Dynasty, branches of Daehan Jaganghoi and Daehan Association were formed. The only places in which the branches of these two societies were formed in Gimhae and Dongrae. The facts that we come to understand from the members of these two societies were while there were a few people from Guangju Ahn and Guangju Roh, who can be called as the gentry class, there were a lot of those who were from Bunseong Bae, the Hyangri class, and Gimhae Heo, the Sinhyang class. In particular, the influences of two families, Bea and Heo, seem to be continued until the Japanese colonial era. This can be identified from the fact that there were a lot of people from the two families involved in the publication of the history of Gimhae issued in April, 1929. The contrast of these people was members of Gyonam educational association in Gimhae. While I could identify only a few members of Gyonam educational association, most of them were Guangju Ahn and Guangju Ron, the gentry class, and Gimhea Heo, the Sinhyang class. In other words, local elites who valued an old custom were the center of the Gimhae branch of Gyonam educational association whereas the Hyangri class from Bae family was not involved in the association. From this, we could understand that there were invisible boundary and competition between the gentry class and hyangri class in Gimhea region in the Late Chosun Dynasty. Second, when it comes to the Gukchae-bosang movement, there was more organized movement in Myeongi-myeon, a town suburb, than in the town. Myeongji-myeon also had Dongmyeong School, which was the biggest school in Gimhae, which was possible due to the economic foundation generated from the development of salt pond. Hapseong School in the town and Joyangeuisook run by Guangju Roh family in Sangrim-myeon were among the most representative private schools in Gimhae. Hapseong School established by the Gimhae church was taken over by Gimhae young adult group due to a financial difficulty in 1920. However, after 1926, it became a subject of a conflict regarding the foundation of Gimhae public agricultural school with the preparatory association for establishing agricultural school. This was mainly due to a power struggle among associations and wealthy local farmer class who wanted to expand their power. Third, another important feature that we need to note with regard to Gimhae young adult group is that those who believed Christianity and Catholic were leading the young adult movement in the first half of the 1920s. The fact that those who believed in Christianity were actively involved in many associations suggests they accepted Christian socialism to some extent. They were able to have an active role since those who believed Cheondogyo were from Cheondogyo innovation sector or an old Cheondogyo rather than a new Cheondogyo. Fourth, ideological organizations were formed after 1923; Jesa Association and Bukguang Association in the town of Gimhae and Baesu Association in Jinyoung. These ideological groups were a driving force of leading the innovation of young adult movement and the social movement driven from the proletariat public. Conflict between two factions was resolved in some degree since the foundation of Gimhae young adult alliance and Singan association Gimhae branch after August, 1927. Fifth, many of Gimhae young adult alliance were involved in Gimhae agricultural union and Singan association Gimhae branch. Therefore, the young adult movement, agricultural movement and Singan association after 1928 were able to be run in a close bond. The power of a close solidarity among social organizations, particularly Gimhae young adult group, was a foundation of innovative agricultural union movement in the first half of the 1930s. Lastly, the fact that we need to take into account to learn Gimhae area is that those from Roh, Ahn and Heo from local elites, and Bae from Hyangri class took a major role in the racial and social movement in Gimhae in the Japanese colonial era. In particular, there were a lot of important figures from Bae family not only for progressive figures, but also conservative figures as the most representative local elite. This can be an important keyword in understanding the society of Gimhae.