先王退而诗书进：春秋直谏文辞的新变
The Way of Former King Retreated into Poetry: The New Changes of Direct Remonstrance During the Spring and Autumn Period
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In the history books of the Pre-Qin Dynasty, the records of ministers' outspoken criticism of the monarch can be traced back to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and appeared in large quantities in the Spring and Autumn Period. Different from the argument that the old ministers of the Western Zhou dynasty were always quoted with "the way of the former king", the admonishing ministers with complicated status in the Spring and Autumn Period prefer to pay special attention to quoting from the poem, analyzing current events and transmitting the voice of the people when criticizing the monarch, and deliberately used rhetorical skills and logical argumentation to improve the persuadability of the direct admonishing words. These characteristics showed that in the Spring and Autumn period, when blood ties were weakened, cultural identity and rhetoric level gradually became a new bond to build trust between Kings and ministers, and finally led to the formation of vertical and horizontal debates in the Warring States Period.
Abstract
In the history books of the Pre-Qin Dynasty, the records of ministers' outspoken criticism of the monarch can be traced back to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and appeared in large quantities in the Spring and Autumn Period. Different from the argument that the old ministers of the Western Zhou dynasty were always quoted with "the way of the former king", the admonishing ministers with complicated status in the Spring and Autumn Period prefer to pay special attention to quoting from the poem, analyzing current events and transmitting the voice of the people when criticizing the monarch, and deliberately used rhetorical skills and logical argumentation to improve the persuadability of the direct admonishing words. These characteristics showed that in the Spring and Autumn period, when blood ties were weakened, cultural identity and rhetoric level gradually became a new bond to build trust between Kings and ministers, and finally led to the formation of vertical and horizontal debates in the Warring States Period.
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