전시 리더십 연구 ―제1, 2차대전 시 로이드 조지와 처칠의 역할을 중심으로―

Abstract

The history of humankind could be defined as the history of war. Since the ancient times huge materials and manpower should be mobilized for conducting the war, and its scope was greatly expanded with the coming of total war. In particular the hardware such as rifle, tank, airplane, etc. has been remarkably developing since the Industrial Revolution during the late eighteenth century. However, it is not easy to deny that the key factor in deciding the victory of war was constantly the role of the humankind involved. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to examine the wartime leadership of David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill in comparative point of view, who have done the key roles in winning the two world wars. Both were the great politicians in Britain during the twentieth century. Although they had a quite different family background, Lloyd George and W. Churchill had done the nearly similar role as the wartime leader, the prime minister, of the nation. They encouraged the British peoples by delivering their faithful speeches when Britain fought alone against the threat of the powerful German forces. They exerted their great wartime leadership, and finally could defeat Germany overcoming the defensive situation during the early stage of the wars. Both tried to keep their convictions throughout their political career that ‘national interest’ was the most important factor in making government policies. They gave a priority on it even though their opinions were different from those of their own Party. During their premiership Lloyd George and Churchill made an efforts to inspire and sustain the morale of the nation, to evolve the most reasonable strategy possible within the framework of an Alliance, and to harness the national economy and administrative system to such a strategy.