유럽 연합과 유럽의 무슬림: 독일, 영국, 프랑스를 중심으로
Muslims in the European Union
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참고문헌
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초록
이 논문은 유럽에 거주하는 무슬림의 상황과 유럽 연합의 차별 방지 노력을 독일, 영국, 프랑스를 중심으로 고찰한다. 우선 2차 세계대전 이후 무슬림 인구가 형성되는 과정의 특징과 현재 그들이 겪고 있는 차별에 대해 살핀다. 유럽 내 무슬림은 다른 어떤 종교 집단보다도 열악한 생활조건을 지니고 있다. 그 다음은 차별을 방지하려는 유럽 연합의 노력을 다룬다. 유럽 연합의 ‘인종 평등 지침’과 ‘고용 평등 지침’을 국가별로 어떻게 수용하는지 몇 가지 평가서를 통해 분석한다. 독일, 영국, 프랑스에서는 이제 평등을 위한 제도적 장치가 거의 마련되었지만, 아직 차별이 사라지지 않고 있다. 평등이 실질적으로 정착되기 위해서는 유럽 연합 차원의 제도적 장치와 더불어 국가별 정책과 노력이 중요한다.
Abstract
This article studies the state of Muslims living in Europe and the European Union’s efforts to combat discrimination on grounds of racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief. Firstly, this article traces the waves of immigration of Muslim populations into Europe after World War II and examines the discrimination they face. Unemployment is higher among Muslims than any other religious group. And they still face higher levels of social deprivation than their white counterparts. In 2000, the European Union adopted two Directives on combating discrimination. Directive 2000/43/EC (hereafter called the Racial Equality Directive) is intended to implement the principle of equal treatment on grounds of racial and ethnic origin in the EU, including in employment. Directive 2000/78/EC (hereafter called the Employment Equality Directive) is intended to put in place a general framework to ensure equal treatment of individuals in the EU, regardless of their religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation, as regards access to employment or occupation and membership of certain organisations. This article makes an overall assessment of the implementation of two Directives in three member states: the UK, France, and Germany.
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