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한국 바이오산업의 국가혁신체계와 경쟁력 증진방안

National Innovation System of Biotechnology in Korea: Measures for Improving the Competitiveness of Clusters

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초록

한국이 IT 산업에 있어서 비교적 신속한 성장을 이룬 반면, 높은 성장률과 잠재력을 가진 바이오산업에서는 아직 뚜렷한 성과를 보이고 있지 않다. 이에 본 논문은 한국 바이오산업의 경쟁력 강화를 위해, 국가혁신체계의 측면에서 바이오산업을 고찰하고, 그 개선방안을 찾고자 하는 목적에서 씌어졌다. 먼저, 클러스터, 국가혁신체계에 대한 이론적 배경을 검토하고, 이러한 이론적 배경을 토대로 한국의 실정에 맞는 국가혁신체계 모델을 설정한 뒤, 전세계 및 한국의 바이오산업 현황을 분석하였다. 이어서 본 연구에서 제시한 모델을 토대로 성공적인 선진 바이오클러스터를 분석하고, 한국 바이오산업에 대한 장단점을 평가하였다. 끝으로 한국 바이오산업의 경쟁력 향상을 위한 전략적 시사점을 제시하였다. 연구결과 한국 바이오클러스터의 발전을 위해서는 정부-대학-산업의 긴밀한 연계, 지식이전 메커니즘, 투자유치, 선진 바이오클러스터의 벤치마킹 등 개선이 절실히 요구된다.

Abstract

While Korea has achieved a rapid progress in the IT industry, it has not shown any significant success in the biotechnology industry that has high growth rate and technological potential. Thus this paper attempts to evaluate the competitiveness of the Korean biotechnology industry from the view point of the national innovation system (NIS) and clusters, and to find policy measures for improvement. First, we present a model of NIS appropriate for the Korean biotechnology industry environment, on the basis of theoretical background and previous studies on clusters and the NIS. Second, we examine the current state of the biotechnology industry in leading countries and Korea. Third, we analyze cases of successful biotechnology clusters in advanced countries and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the Korean biotechnology clusters. Finally, we discuss strategic implications of our study for enhancing the competitiveness of the Korean biotechnology industry. Key factors for the development of biotechnology clusters include close linkages between government, university and industry, knowledge transfer mechanisms, inward foreign direct investment, benchmarking of advanced clusters.

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