장기화된 난민위기와 국제개발협력
Protracted Refugee Crisis and International Development Cooperation
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난민위기가 장기화되면서 난민들은 국제사회의 무관심과 지원 축소 등으로 인해 심각한 인권침해의 상황에 직면하게 된다. 정치적으로 난민들은 안보의 위협으로 인식되어 난민캠프에 격리되고, 정책적으로 난민들은 더 이상 인도적 관심을 받지 못함에도 불구하고 개발협력의 대상이 되지 못한다. 이들에 대한 정치적 혐오 또는 무관심과 정책적 배제의 현상을 극복하고 장기화된 난민상황을 개선하기 위해서 개발협력과 인도적 지원을 결합하는 접근방식이 요구된다. 장기화된 난민상황의 문제들이 해소되었던 사례들을 보면, 난민들의 원조 의존적인 삶의 조건들을 개선하는 데에 인도적 긴급구호의 접근방식보다 지역 내 다른 공동체 구성원들과 동등하게 경제적, 사회적 활동을 영위할 수 있는 기회구조를 마련하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 달리 말하면, 난민들에 대한 인도적 지원은 물론 난민캠프를 수용하고 있는 지역사회의 사회적 복원력 증진을 위한 개발협력을 병행 추진하는 것이 난민들의 인간개발에 더욱 효과적일 수 있다.
Abstract
Refugees are likely to face international indifferences and the lack of humanitarian assistance as a refugee crisis becomes protracted. In the political context, refugees are considered significant threats to regional and national security while, in the policy context, being not regarded as targets of international development cooperation. In order to deal successfully with the hatred toward and the ignorance of refugees in protracted situations, the development-humanitarian nexus has received growing attention from the international community of humanitarian assistance and development cooperation. Refugees in protracted refugee situations. This study shows that it is very important to create opportunities for refugees, instead of being reliant with external assistance, to work together with people in the community which is hosting a refugee camp. In other words, the development-humanitarian nexus makes contribution to the improvement of refugees’ human development by enhancing social resilience of the community as well as addressing gross violation of protracted refugees’ human rights violation.
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