과시소비성향에 대한 계층적 성격모델 접근
Conspicuous Consumption Tendency: A Hierarchical Model Approach
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본 연구는 과시소비성향에 영향을 미치는 성격특성들에 대하여 동기와 성격에 관한 계층적 모델(3M모델)을 적용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구는 3M모델의 계층적 구조에 근거하여, 과시소비성향을 표면특성으로 간주하고 이에 영향을 주는 상황특성변수로서 패션 선도성, 준거집단 순응성향, 독특성 욕구를 탐구하였으며, 복합특성변수로서 인지 욕구와 경쟁 욕구, 그리고 여덟 가지 기본특성을 탐구하였다. 연구결과 본 연구모델이 매우 적합한 모델로 밝혀졌으며, 성격특성들은 과시소비성향을 45% 설명해 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 과시소비성향이 경제적인 이유뿐만 아니라 보다 근본적으로 개인의 성격차이에서 기인함을 보여준다. 과시소비성향에 직접적인 영향을 주는 성격특성요인들은 패션 선도성, 준거집단 순응성향, 인지 욕구, 물질적 욕구로 나타났다. 다시 말하면, 패션선도자이고 준거집단의 영향을 많이 받고 인지 욕구가 높고 물질적 욕구가 높은 사람들이 과시소비성향이 높다고 볼 수 있다. 한편, 소비자의 독특성 욕구는 유의하지 않은 변수로 나타나, 과시소비성향은 제품의 구매와 소비를 통하여 남과 달라 보이고 싶은 욕구 보다는 제품의 구매를 통하여 준거집단에 순응하려는 욕구에기인함을 알 수 있다. 성격특성의 계층적 구조에 관한 본 연구는 과시소비성향을 유발하는 보다 기본적인 동기들에 대하여 깊이 이해할 수 있게 해주며, 위신제품으로 포지셔닝하고 있는 제품의 마케터들에게 성격특성에 근거한 마케팅 관리적 시사점을 제공하고 있다.
Abstract
This study analyzed the personality trait antecedents of conspicuous consumption tendency applying the 3M model of motivation and personality. This study regarded conspicuous consumption tendency as a surface trait and investigated the fashion leadership, susceptibility to interpersonal influence, and need for uniqueness as situation traits, need for information and need for competition as compound traits, and eight elemental traits. The result revealed the hierarchical model of trait antecedents of conspicuous consumption tendency was fitted well. In addition, these trait antecedents account for an average of 45% of the variance in conspicuous consumption tendency. In this study, fashion leadership, susceptibility to interpersonal influence, need for information, need for material were positively related to conspicuous consumption tendency. However, consumers’ need for uniqueness was not significantly related to conspicuous consumption tendency. This means that conspicuous consumption was caused by the need to conform to the reference group, not by the need to be differentiated from the group. This hierarchical approach of personality variables help marketers to understand more basic motives of conspicuous consumption tendency and give some managerial implications to the marketers selling status products.
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