서비스 실패 시 고객의 자기조절모드가 부정적 감정 및 반응에 미치는 영향 에 관한 연구 - 사후가정사고, 후회감, 실망감 및 고객만족의 매개효과를 중심으로 -
Customer’s self regulatory mode effects on negative emotion and response in failed services -Focusing on the mediating effect of counter-factual thinking, regret, disappointment and customer satisfaction-
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소비자는 여러 의사결정과정에 있어 상당 부분 감정에 지배되는 존재라는 관점에서 기업의 서비스 실패는 미래재구매 과정에 있어 부정적 영향을 미치게 된다. 서비스 실패로 인해 부정적 경험을 겪은 고객은 직관적 추론을통해 실망이나 후회의 부정적 감정을 얻게 되는데 이때 고객의 자기조절모드에 따른 감정의 발생은 달리 나타나며 이들 감정들은 부정적 반응에도 각기 다른 영향을 미치게 된다. 이러한 부정적 반응은 기업 이미지나 특정 브랜드 가치에도 적지 않은 악영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 장기적으로는 기업매출에도 부정적 영향을 미치며 서비스회복활동에 따른 추가적 비용도 발생하게 된다. 본 연구는 서비스 영역에서 서비스 실패에 따른 고객의 부정적감정의 선행요인 및 그 결과변수인 고객반응에 초점을 두고 있다. 즉 서비스 실패 시 자기조절모드(평가지향성과 목표지향성)가 사후가정사고와 부정적 감정에 미치는 영향과 부정적 감정요소들이 만족과 부정적 반응(체념적 침묵과 부정적 구전활동)에 미치는 영향에 대해 구조적 인과관계를 실증분석하였다. 실증분석결과, 자기조절모드에 따른 후회감의 차이는 목표 지향적 성향이 강한 고객보다는 평가지향적 성향이강한 고객일수록 후회감이 더 크고 반대로 평가지향적 성향이 강한 고객은 실망감이 더 큰 것으로 나타났으며사후가정사고에 있어서는 목표지향적 성향이 강할수록 사후가정사고와 후회감이 높게 나타났다. 목표지향적 성향이 강한 고객의 경우는 사후가정사고와의 인과적 관계는 보이지 않았지만 실망감이 높게 나타났다. 그리고 부정적 감정인 후회감과 실망감은 만족에 부(-)의 영향을 미쳤으며 부정적 반응에도 직접적인 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 후회감과 실망감은 소비자의 부정적 반응에 상이한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났는데,본인의 의사결정에 따른 선택에 대해 후회감을 느낀 고객은 체념적 침묵이 높게 나타났으며 반면에 실망감을 느낀 고객은 서비스 제공자나 제3자에 대한 부정적 구전이 높은 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
Dissatisfied customers may strongly express their dissatisfaction behavior and this kind of behavioral response may impact on the firms’ profitability. How do we model the impact of self-regulatory mode on emotions, customer satisfaction and subsequent customer behaviors? This study investigates the antecedents, consequences of negative emotion and the mediating effect of counter-factual thinking or customer satisfaction in an integrated model. We focused on the fact that regret and disappointment have effects on consumer behavior. There are essentially two approaches in this research: the valence based approach and the specific emotions approach. The authors indicate theoretically and show empirically that it matters to distinguish these approaches in services research. Self-regulatory mode and the specific emotional disappointment and regret were assessed and their influence on customers’ behavioral responses (Inaction, Word-of-Mouth) was examined, using a sample of 251 customers. It was found that emotions have a direct impact on behavior, over and above the effects of negative emotions and customer behavior. Hence, we argue against the incorporating emotions such as regret and disappointment, and we are in favor of a specific emotion approach on self-regulation. Managerial implications for service marketing practice are also discussed.
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