기독교학교와 교회의 관계에 대한 고찰－미국의 기독교학교를 중심으로－
A Study on the Relationship between Christian Schools and Churches: In Case of the Christian Schools in the United States
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본 논문에서는 기독교학교와 교회의 관계를 탐구하기 위하여 기독교학교의 역사가 오래된 미국의 세 전통의 기독교학교들을 연구대상으로 삼았다. 먼저 미국 기독교학교의 역사를 고찰하면서 루터교학교, 개혁주의 기독교학교, 근본주의 기독교학교에 대해 살펴보았다. 그리고 이 학교들의 교회와의 관계를 살펴보았는데 그 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 루터교학교는 교구학교의 형태로 존재하며 교재발간을 위한 출판사와 교사대학과 같은 교단의체계적인 지원을 바탕으로 교회가 학교의 운영을 위해 적극적인 후원과 관여를 하였다. 그러면서도 교수활동에서는 교사의 전문성을 인정하여 학교와 교사들의 자율성을 부여하고있었다. 둘째, 개혁주의 기독교학교는 교회로부터 독립된 학교형태를 취하여 학교와 교회의 관계가 비교적 느슨하게 형성되어 있다. 학교의 운영은 학부모가 중심이 된 이사회와교원들에 의해 자율적으로 이루어지지만 교회는 교단과 지역교회 차원에서 기독교대학 운영, 물질적/영적 지원 등과 같이 적극적으로 학교를 후원하고 있었다. 셋째 근본주의 기독교학교는 종종 교회부속학교 형태를 취하고 있다. 이들은 학교교육을 교회사역의 일부로보기 때문에 학교의 행정과 교수활동이 교회의 영향권 아래 이루어지는 경향이 강하였다. 본 논문에서는 미국 기독교학교와 교회와의 관계를 고찰한 뒤 이를 기반으로 미국의사례로부터 우리나라 기독교학교에 주는 시사점을 찾아보았다. 첫째, 기독교학교의 지속적인 성장을 위해서는 교회의 지지와 후원이 반드시 필수적이라는 점이다. 둘째, 기독교학교의 전문성 확보를 전제로 교회는 학교의 자립적 운영을 인정하고 지원해줄 필요가 있다는점이다. 셋째, 학교와 교회의 관계에서 다양한 모델의 기독교학교가 가능하기 때문에 우리나라 기독교학교도 각 학교의 특성과 상황에 맞는 모델을 추구할 필요가 있다는 점이다.
Abstract
In this paper, I have studied the three kinds of American Christian schools, which have a significant tradition in the United States, in order to explore the relationship between Christian schools and churches. I examined the history of the American Christian Schools, which are Lutheran Schools, Reformed Christian Schools, and fundamentalist Christian schools. After that, I looked at the relationship of the churches and the schools, and its contents are as follows. First, the Lutheran School exists in the form of a parochial school, and the Church for the operation of the school actively supports and engages on the basis of the systematic supporting of the denomination, such as creating publishers for textbooks and colleges for teacher training. It still grants the autonomy of schools and teachers in terms of teaching activities for recognizing the professionalism of teachers. Second, the Reformed Christian School takes the form of independent school from church, and the relationship between the church and school is relatively loosely formed. The operation of the school is made autonomously by teachers and a school board, whose key members are parents. However,the church, on the level of the denomination and the local church, actively sponsors the school by operating Christian colleges and providing material and spiritual support. Third, the fundamentalist Christian schools often takes the form of a church affiliated school. These are considered as parts of the ministry of the church, and so the school administration and teaching activities take place under the strong influence of the church. Based on my examination of the relationship between the American Christian schools and churches, the implications for Korean Christian schools are as follow: First, the support and patronage of the church is absolutely essential for the continued growth of the Christian school. Second, church needs to recognize and support the Christian school’s autonomous operating after the school acquires the expertise of a Christian schooling. Third, since the model of Christian school can be various in terms of the relationship of schools and churches, Korean Christian schools need to pursue a model that fits the situation and the characteristics of each school.
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