한국 피해자학의 발전과 과제

Abstract

As Victimology was first introduced in korea 1971, in the next two decades Korean researchers and practitioners has not be interested in the problem of criminal victims. In the 1990's korean victimology has improved significantly quantitatively as well as qualitatively. As the Korea Sexual Violence Relief Center which is the first civil organization for victim support was established in 1991, eventually victim support at non-governmental level has been started in Korea. In 1992, with the establishment of Korean Association of Victimology came a turning point in the development of korean victimology. Since 1987, the Korean Constitution has provided two rights for crime victims as a part of fundamental human rights; the right for criminal victim’s to make a statement within criminal procedure and the right to receive compensational aids from the State. However, it is difficult to say whether these provisions were primarily motivated by theoretical or practical awakening about the need for victims’rights. In any event, it is true that practical interests in the difficulties faced by victims’were rapidly growing as the Constitution guaranteed victims’ rights as a part of fundamental human rights. In the 1990's korean victimology has improved significantly quantitatively as well as qualitatively. In 1991 the [Korean Sexual Violence Relief Center (KSVRC)] was founded, which was the first private organization in Korea to provide full scale assistance to victims of crime, while in 1992, the Korean Academic Association of Victimology was established (second in Asia after Japan). Additionally, through the 1990s, the [Act on the Punishment of Sexual Crimes and Protection of its Victims (1994)], the [Act on the Special Procedure for the Punishment of Domestic Violence (1997)] and the [Act on the Prevention of Domestic Violence and Protection of its Victims (1997)] were enacted sequentially. In 2000's many researchers from the field of law, sociology, psychology etc. showed an extreme interest in victimology and the research papers were explosively increased. And many researchers (mainly penal law experts) have begun to pay attention to restorative justice. In this paper, I tried to analyse the development process of victimology in comparison with the practices at official and non-official level in Korea. Then I studied role of the korean victimology for the further academic and practical development.