영어 무한정사 복수명사의 화용론적 해석
On the Pragmatic Interpretations of English Bare Plurals
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Bare plurals in English can be interpreted either exclusively or inclusively. Under the exclusive interpretation, they simply refer to ‘more than one’, excluding atoms from their reference domain. Under the inclusive interpretation, they are often described as referring to ‘one or more’, allowing both atom and sum references. The previous semantic analyses explain the interpretation of bare plurals based on monotonicity direction: while upward monotone contexts tend to select exclusive interpretations, downward monotone ones, inclusive interpretations. But even in contexts in which inclusive interpretations are permitted, exclusive interpretations are preferred in case sum values are among the intended referents. This suggests that monotonicity, though involved, is not a decisive factor in the plural interpretation. This paper presents evidence that the inclusive interpretations cannot be causally related to downward monotone contexts, and demonstrates that the choice between the two interpretations of the plurals is decided by pragmatic factors, such as real world knowledge and contextual relevance, rather than semantic factors.
Abstract
Bare plurals in English can be interpreted either exclusively or inclusively. Under the exclusive interpretation, they simply refer to ‘more than one’, excluding atoms from their reference domain. Under the inclusive interpretation, they are often described as referring to ‘one or more’, allowing both atom and sum references. The previous semantic analyses explain the interpretation of bare plurals based on monotonicity direction: while upward monotone contexts tend to select exclusive interpretations, downward monotone ones, inclusive interpretations. But even in contexts in which inclusive interpretations are permitted, exclusive interpretations are preferred in case sum values are among the intended referents. This suggests that monotonicity, though involved, is not a decisive factor in the plural interpretation. This paper presents evidence that the inclusive interpretations cannot be causally related to downward monotone contexts, and demonstrates that the choice between the two interpretations of the plurals is decided by pragmatic factors, such as real world knowledge and contextual relevance, rather than semantic factors.
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