우치무라 간조(內村鑑三)의 루터 이해와 그 비판적 계승 양식

Abstract

This study inquired into Uchimura's grasp on the Reformation thought of Martin Luther and his critical way of succeeding to the Lutheran inheritance. Uchimura thought that Luther had emancipated Medieval Christianity from having been 'legalistic religion' and rediscovered the 'gospel'. He also ac- knowledgedtheReformationasaneventinwhich Lutherprovedthetruth according to his conscience standing before God. The archetype of a 'Protestant figure' was presented in the form of a combination of Luther's conscience and protest, futhermore, from Uchimura's point of view, this type ofpeopleusheredWesternEuropeintheModernAge. Ontheotherhand, henotedLuther'sworkhaditslimitationsandimperfections. Firstly,Luther advocated the 'priesthood of all believers' but failed to make it action by maintainingtheclericalandsacramentalsystemoftheChurch. Secondly,for hisreform,heengagedwithsecularauthoritytodependonit. Lastly, Luther's intolerance against heretics led to persecute them because he did notadmitother'sinterpretationoftheBiblebuthisown. Havinglearned from Luther's limitations, Uchimura endeavored to follow the Lutheran tradi - tion through constructive criticism, suggesting the followings: laity meetings focused on the Bible study, active praxis of faith in daily life, self-awareness offinitudeinthelightofthetruth,andrespectingotherreligions. Aswe have witnessed from Marin Luther's Reformation, the efforts made by Uchimura give us a good example, which explains the destiny of the Church; it should constantly respond the need for generating self-critical, self-renew- ing process.