조성차에 따른 상황인식의 차이:운전-관련 과제를 중심으로
Gender Differences in Situation Awareness: Focused on Driving-Related Tasks
0
조회
0
다운로드
10
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 운전 수행에서 상황인식의 성차를 세 가지 과제, 즉 2차원 메트릭스 항행과제, 녹화된 실제 도로상황 재인과제, 그리고 운전 시뮬레이션 과제를 통해 검증해 보고자 하였다. 2차원 메트릭스 항행과제에서 지시형태(유클리디안 지시, 이정표 지시)에 따른 재인검사 결과를 비교해 본 결과, 여성이 이정표식 지시에서 더 빠른 반응시간을 보였다. 녹화된 실제 도로상황 재인과제는 운전상황에 보다 근접한 상황인식 과제로서 실제 도로장면을 녹화하며 시뮬레이터 전방 스크린에 투사하며 이를 재인하는 과제였다. 그 결과 남성은 더 높은 정확 반응률과 더 낮은 오경보률을 보였다. 특히 자극 위치에 따른 분석 결과, 여성들은 운전자 중심자극이나 표지판 자극에서의 수행에 비해 주변자극의 재인에 더 실패하는 결과를 보여주었다. 마지막으로 실제 운전상황을 모사한 운전시뮬레이터 과제에서 성차를 비교한 결과 전반적인 운전수행은 남성들이 더 우세하였지만, 운전 중 제시된 자극들에 대한 재인률은 차이가 없었다. 이러한 세 가지 과제를 통해, 남성이 여성에 비해 운전수행이 우수한 원인으로 상황인식의 차이가 있음이 일부 증명되었다. 특히 여성들은 전방자극에 비해 주변자극의 재인에 실패하는 경향을 보임으로서 남성운전자들에 비해 효율적인 상황인식을 못하여 시야가 좁은 위험한 운전수행을 한다는 것이 입증되었다.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the gender differences in situation awareness during driving using three tasks of 2-D matrix navigation, recognition of real driving scene and driving simulation. The results can be summarized as followings. First, female subjects responded faster in 2-D matrix navigation task than male subjects when landmark instructions were provided. Second, in recognition task, male subjects recognized the key elements involved in the past driving scene more accurately than female subjects. In particular, female subjects tended to miss peripheral information. Third, male drivers showed better driving performances in the driving simulation task than female drivers in general, recognition of stimuli provided during driving was not differ in the both genders. These results suggest the possibility of gender differences in situation awareness during driving.
참고문헌 (33)
- "음주와 피로가 주의분산과제와 운전수행에 미치는 영향 운전 시뮬레이션 연구 산업 및 조직", pp.91~107 (1999)
- "The role of experience in spatial test performance:A meta-analysis", 20, pp.327~344 (1989)
- "Evidence for sex-related differences in cerebral organization Sex-related different in cognitive functioning", pp.121~143 (1979), Academic Press
- "Sex differences in brain organization Different brains or different strategies? Behavioral and Brain Science", pp.230~231 (1989)
- "Effects of alcohol on risk-taking during simulated driving", pp.141~50 (2002)
- "personality and involvement in vehicular accidents", pp.454~456 (2000)
- "Design and evaluation for situation awareness enhancement Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32th Annual Meeting", pp.97~101 (1988)
- "Designing for situation awareness An approach to user-centered design" (2003)
- "Sex differences in route-learning", 14, pp.53~65 (1993)
- "Acquisition of route network knowledged by males and females", 116, pp.29~41 (1989)
- "Cognitive abilities in androgen insensitive subjects- Comparison with control males and females from the same kindred", pp.341~347 (1991)
- "The evolution of sex differences in spatial ability", pp.403~411 (2003)
- "Sources of situation awareness errors in aviation", pp.507~512 (1996)
- "Distractions and the risk of car crash injury the effect of drivers' age", pp.411~419 (2002)
- "Sex differences in spatial ability Do men and women have different strengths and weakness? In H Psychology of sex differences", pp.145~173 (1978), Prentice-Hall
- "Management of work related read safety" (2002), HSE books
- "Task-induced fatigue states and simulated driving performance.", pp.659~686 (2002)
- "Driving experience, crashes and traffic citations of teenage beginning drivers.", shaba(va), pp.311~320 (2003)
- "The influence of generic factors", Academic Press
- "Automobile crashes and teenaged drivers.", pp.1239~1240 (2000)
- "Sex differences in spatial abilities:Strategic and experiential correlates", 62, pp.225~235 (1986)
- "Navigation in a 'virtual' maze Sex differences and correlation with psychometric measures of spatial ability in humans", pp.73~87 (1998)
- "The relationship among sex-role stereotyping and the sex difference in spatial visualization", pp.15~32 (1975)
- "Further evidence of associations of type a personality scores and driving- related attitudes and behaviors", pp.147~154 (2000)
- "Sexual maturation and spatial ability in college students", 22, pp.199~203 (1986)
- "How in hte world did we ever get into that mood? Mode error and awareness in supervisory control", 37, pp.5~19 (1995)
- "Are sex difference in navigation caused by sexually dimorphic strategies or differences in the ability to use the strategies?", pp.403~410 (2002)
- "Aging and free recall for objects located in space Journal of Gerontology", pp.8~11 (1988)
- "Further studied on the hunter-gather theory of spatial sex differences", pp.201~213 (2000)
- "an examination of a terror management theory explanation", pp.603~618 (2003)
- "Age and gender patterns in motor vehicle crash injuries importance of type of crash and occupant role", pp.167~172 (2001)
- "Visual attention while driving sequences of eye fixations made by experienced and novice drivers", ergo(mics), pp.629~646 (2003)
- "Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities A meta-analysis consideration of critical variables", pp.250~270 (1995)