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인공지능의 유능함에 대한 인식이 직장인의 직무불안정성과 냉소주의에 미치는 영향: 일의 의미의 조절된 매개효과

The effects of perceived Artificial Intelligence’s competence on employee’s job insecurity and work cynicism: Moderated mediation by work meaningfulness

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인공지능 기술의 급격한 발달은 일에 대한 인식과 태도에 영향을 미치고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인공지능의 유능함에 대한 인식이 직무불안정성과 일에 대한 냉소주의에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 인공지능의 유능함에 대한 인식이 높아질수록 직무불안정성과 일에 대한 냉소주의 수준도 높아질 것이라고 가정하였고, 직무불안정성이 인공지능의 유능함에 대한 인식과 냉소주의의 관계를 매개할 것이라고 예상하였다. 또, 일의 의미 수준에 따라 직무불안정성과 냉소주의의 관계가 달라질 것이라고 가정하였다. 마지막으로, 인공지능의 유능함에 대한 인식이 냉소주의에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 일의 의미의 조절된 매개효과를 가정하였다. 연구 1에서 한국 직장인 214명을 대상으로 실험 연구를 진행한 결과, 인공지능의 유능함을 높게 지각한 집단은 유능함이 낮다고 지각한 집단보다 직무불안정성을 높게 느꼈고 직무불안정성을 통해서 냉소주의를 높게 느꼈다. 미국 직장인 242명을 대상으로 설문연구(연구 2)를 진행한 결과, 인공지능의 유능함에 대한 인식은 직무불안정성과 정적 관계를 갖고, 직무불안정성은 냉소주의와 정적 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 직무불안정성은 인공지능의 유능함에 대한 인식과 냉소주의의 관계를 부분 매개하였다. 일의 의미 수준이 낮을 경우에는 직무불안정성에 관계없이 냉소주의가 높았지만 일의 의미 수준이 높을 때는 직무불안정성이 높아질수록 냉소주의가 높아졌다. 일의 의미는 인공지능의 유능함에 대한 인식과 냉소주의의 관계에서 직부불안정성의 매개효과를 조절하였다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 연구의 의의, 한계점 및 후속 연구에 대한 제언을 논의하였다.

Abstract

Rapid advances in technology in Artificial Intelligence(AI) influence work and workplace. In this study, we aimed to investigate how an employee’s perception of AI’s competence impacts their job insecurity and work cynicism. In an experimental study (Study 1) using a sample of 214 Korean employees, we found that an employee’s perception of AI’s competence increased work cynicism via increased job insecurity. In Study 2, using a sample of 242 American workers, we revealed that the employee’s judgment on AI’s competence positively related to work cynicism, and job insecurity partly mediated the relationship. As hypothesized, the moderating role of work meaningfulness was found. The relationship between job insecurity and work cynicism was stronger for those with a high level of work meaningfulness than those with a low level of work meaningfulness. Also, the mediating effect of job insecurity was moderated by work meaningfulness in the relationship between perceived competence of AI and work cynicism. We discussed implications, limitations, and recommendations for future research.

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