6세기 중반 신라 丹陽 赤城의 景觀

Abstract

This study investigated landscapes of Jeokseong Fortress in the Middle of the 6th Century based on the current status and investigation results of Danyang Jeokseong Fortress. It was started from the suspicion whether the proposition, “Jeokseong(monument)=Silla Dynasty (6th century)=Stone-piled Fortress” is rational. In general, most of the stone-piled fortresses in Silla Dynasty scattered over Imjin River, Han River, and the Sobaek mountains were known as a fortress built in the Middle of the 6th Century to the middle of the 7th century. It was mainly because of the undefined location of the fortresses based on the records in literature and Danyang Jeokseong Stone Stele of the Silla Dynasty. The representative examples of such fortress were Samnyeon Fortress in Boeun and Jeokseong Fortress in Danyang. First, this study studied Jakseongbi(551 A.D) in Myeonghwal Fortress and Namsan Sinseongbi(591 A.D) for reference. These monuments have the significance in that they were built in the transition period changing from earthen fortress to stone-piled fortress, with the purpose of maintenance and repair of stone-piled fortresses. Based on that, it is assumed that the defense system of a royal castle was completed when stone-piled fortresses were built in the east, south, and west of Gyeongju surrounding Gyeongju Basin in the middle and late period of the 6th century when Jakseongbi in Myeonghwal Fortress and Namsan Sinseongbi were built. It is also assumed that local key fortresses could have been built with stones after the 7th century and stone-piled fortresses have been built after the mid of 7th century. As for the excavation research of Danyang Jeokseong Fortress, parts of the earthen wall were identified and we could see the traces of an earthen barrier. It was highly likely that they were initially built as an earthen fortress and they were built as a stone-piled fortress after the mid of 7th century. As if to disprove it, there found traces of earthen-piled barriers in two spots of the inner part of the south wall of Samnyeon Fortress. Other cases include earthen-piled barriers of the west wall of Yiseong Fortress in Okcheon, partial remodeling of the outer surface of an earthen wall to stone walls, and the Gangmundong earthen fortress in Gangneung. Therefore, Jeokseong Fortress in Danyang in the Middle of the 6th Century reminded us of Jeokseong Stone Stele facing Jukryeong, adjacent to the east earthen wall casting the landscape of earthen fortress. It is necessary to work on summarizing the lineage of building methods of the earth-piled and stone-piled fortress of the late 5th century to the 7th century in Silla Dynasty. It is required to do in-depth studies on those issues. As for the earth-piled and stone-piled fortresses built in the times when the Silla Dynasty expanded to the basin of Han River, it is required to keep finding the prototype of the original fortress wall built ahead of current extended and reinforced walls.