명대의 遼東都司와 東寧衛

Abstract

Goryu(高麗) and Nuzhen tribes(女眞族) lived together in Liaodong(療東) where Ming(明) Dynasty had established the Liaodongdosi(遼東都司), the General headquarters, and most of the Korean emigrants had resided between the Shimenling(石門嶺) and the Yalu River(鴨綠江). Especially, the Dongningwei(東寧衛), one of twenty-five corps of the Liaodongdosi had consisted of Goryu and Nuzhen tribes, and during King Sungjong(成宗) of Chosun, the rate of Korean population in the Dongningwei had nearly grown to 30%. In order to control the Liaodong, Ming Dynasty had appointed the Zongbingguan(總兵官) as the Commander-in-chief, the eunuch(宦官) and the Duyushi(都御史), and led them to check and balance each other. Therefore, the envoys of Chosun(朝鮮) had no choice but to hold good friendship with them to go Peking(北京) via Liaodong. Moreover, after King Sungjong of Chosun, a new envoy route had been built, so the envoys had been forced to give commodities to the Duzhihui(都指揮) who had ruled the Bao(堡) The first Emperor of Ming, especially, established the Dongningwei(東寧衛) to prevent revolts interrelating with Koreans which could have happened in these areas. Thus he gave men of military service the sufficient salary, and the tax exemption, and provided the Korean in Liaodong with cotton goods. The reason why Ming could not help showing courtesy toward the Chosun was not only to prevent escaping the Chosun but also to stop agitating the Chosun(朝鮮) soldiers under the incomplete colonization between Liaoyang(遼陽) to the Yalu River. But Chosun had repatriated surrenders from the Dongningwei or escapers to the Liaodongdosi. The reason why Chosun had done so was that Chosun under the toadyism had tried to read the Dongningwei's mind and managed secretly to treat the boundary problems.