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성인 불안장애 환자에서의 아동기 시절 불안장애 과거력 및 그 유무에 따른 임상양상의 차이

Childhood History of Anxiety Disorders among Adults with Anxiety Disorder and Its Correlates

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초록

본 연구는 성인 불안 장애 환자들에 있어 아동기 시절 불안장애 과거력 및 그 유무에 따른 임상양상의 차이를 살펴보고자 했다. 연구대상은 구조화된 면담 도구를 통해 진단된 사회공포증 환자 52명과 공황장애 환자 58명으로, 총 110명의 성인 정신과 외래 환자들이었다. 이들에 대한 아동기 시절 불안장애 과거력의 유무는 연구자가 재구성한 구조화된 면담도구를 통해 회고적으로 평가하였다. 또 자기보고식 질문지와 면접자 및 환자 본인의 평가를 통해 동반이환여부 및 현재의 기능정도와 장애로 인한 곤란도, 발병 후 경과기간, 그리고 우울 및 불안의 정도를 조사하였다. 전체 대상 환자들 중 37.3%에 해당하는 41명이 아동기에 불안장애의 과거력이 있었다. 그 중에서 사회공포증이 28명으로 가장 많아 전체의 25.5%를 차지했고, 특정공포증이 7명, 일반화된 불안장애와 강박장애가 각각 2명 그리고 외상 후 스트레스장애와 분리불안장애가 한명씩 있었다. 한편 사회공포증으로 진단 받은 52명중 48.1%에 해당하는 25명이 아동기에 불안장애의 과거력이 있었던 반면, 공황장애 환자 중에서는 27.6%에 해당하는 16명만이 아동기 시절 과거 불안장애가 진단되어 두 집단은 상이하였다. 이들 아동기에 불안장애 과거력을 가진 환자들은 그렇지 않은 환자들에 비해 특히 다른 불안장애와 동반이환 되었으며, 전반적인 적응정도가 낮고, 장애로 인한 곤란정도는 높았으며, 만성화되었고, 사회적 상황에서 느끼는 불안 및 회피정도는 높게 나타나는 등 전반적으로 부정적인 임상양상을 보였다. 성인 불안장애 중 상당수, 특히 사회공포증의 경우 반수에 가까운 정도가 아동기 역시 불안장애를 가진 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 아동기 시절 불안장애 과거력을 가진 경우 현재의 임상 양상이 더욱 부정적인 것으로 나타나 이들 아동기 불안장애에 대한 조기발견 및 치료가 요구된다.

Abstract

This study examined the rates and correlates of a childhood history of anxiety disorders in adult with anxiety disorder. The presence of a childhood history of anxiety disorders was assessed by structured interview, and its association with comorbid disorders, anxiety severity, functional impairment and chronicity variables was examined in 110 patients (52 persons with social phobia and 58 persons with panic disorder). 37.3% of the patients met criteria for anxiety disorders during childhood, but rate of a childhood history of anxiety disorders was significantly higher in social phobia relative to panic disorder(48.1% vs 27.6%). A history of childhood anxiety was associated with the earlier age of onset, greater anxiety morbidity, lower global functioning, greater severity of fear and avoidance on social situation. These results indicate that majority of adult anxiety disorder patients, especially social phobia, had a history of anxiety disorder in childhood and the presence of childhood anxiety disorder was linked with a more severe clinical characteristics.

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