6세 이전 부모와의 분리경험이 아동의 친구관계와 우울감에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Separation Experience before 6 age on friendship quality and depression of children
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본 연구에서는 만 6세 이전에 친모가 아닌 다른 사람에 의해 양육되는 것을 분리 경험으로 정의하고 부모와의 분리 경험이 부모에 대한 애착, 친구관계의 질, 우울 및 외로움에 미치는 영향에 대해 다음과 같은 연구가설을 세우고 모델 검증을 하였다. 첫째, 부모와의 분리 경험은 중기 아동기의 부모에 대한 불안정한 애착을 가져올 것이다. 둘째, 애착의 불안정성은 아동의 친구관계의 질에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 것이다. 셋째, 부정적인 친구관계의 질은 아동의 우울감과 외로움에 영향을 줄 것이다. 연구대상은 서울시에 있는 초등학교 4, 5학년 426명으로 분리경험 아동은 206명, 분리경험을 보고하지 않은 아동은 220명이었다. 연구결과, 분리경험을 한 아동들이 분리경험을 하지 않은 아동에 비해 부모에 대한 애착에서 의존성이 유의하게 낮게 나타났고, 친구관계의 질에서 즐거움을 덜 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 부모와의 분리경험과, 아동의 부모애착, 친구관계 질, 우울 및 외로움의 관계를 전체적으로 설명하기 위해서 경로 모형분석을 실시한 결과, 부모와의 분리경험은 아동의 부모애착에 영향을 주며, 부모에 대한 애착은 친구관계의 질을 매개하여 아동의 부정적인 정서에 영향을 줄 뿐 아니라, 아동의 부정적 정서에 직접적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며 모형3이 분리경험 모델로 지지되었다.
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the relationship among separation experience from parents, attachment to parents, and friendship quality, depression and loneliness of children. Participants were 426 children(mean age=10.3) in the 4th and 5th grade in an elementary school and their parents, including 206 who reported separation experience(SE) and 220 who didn't(NSE). Children reported the levels of perceived attachment to parent, friendship quality, depression and loneliness; parents reported separation experience before 6 age of children. The results were as following; First, there was no difference in depression, and loneliness between SE and NSE groups. But as for friendship quality, children who reported separation experience were likely to have less pleasure in the peer relationships. Second, to verify the general relationship among each variable, a path analysis was performed. It is shown that separation experience from parents which was mediated by attachment on mother and father and friendship quality influenced negative affect(depression and loneliness).
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