Н.고골의 소설 「성탄전야」의 웃음 연구
A Study on the Laughter of Gogol's Novel “Christmas Eve”
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In “Christmas Eve” the fantasy of the space and the playful description of the narrator which are combined with the cheerful atmosphere of Christmas Eve prepare favorable conditions for laughter. Character comic is created from the contradiction between the nature of the character and his appearance. Bakula, a positive character, is the moral standard of the novel, but his personality and behavior do not cause laughter. On the other hand, other characters with contradictions and weaknesses are subject to character comic. Solokha’s personality is not the subject of laughter, while her flirt with sexton becomes the material of obscene joke. While laughter based on the contradiction between the nature and the appearance of the character can be an attack on the negative side of the character, laughter in “Christmas Eve” rather contributes to the affirmation of the negative: The devil and other negative characters are not expelled but recognized by the community. The situation comic comes from a comic situation in which the devil and three men are trapped in a sack; from it the new comic situations come out in succession. Verbal comic occurs through sudden and unexpected changes in speech. The narrator of the story interrupts unexpectedly the flow of the narrative by inserting personal opinions or the villagers' debate over Bacula's way of death turns into that over the sexton's love affair. In addition, the Ukrainian people’s incorrect Russian speaking and dialect become materials of verbal comic.
Abstract
In “Christmas Eve” the fantasy of the space and the playful description of the narrator which are combined with the cheerful atmosphere of Christmas Eve prepare favorable conditions for laughter. Character comic is created from the contradiction between the nature of the character and his appearance. Bakula, a positive character, is the moral standard of the novel, but his personality and behavior do not cause laughter. On the other hand, other characters with contradictions and weaknesses are subject to character comic. Solokha’s personality is not the subject of laughter, while her flirt with sexton becomes the material of obscene joke. While laughter based on the contradiction between the nature and the appearance of the character can be an attack on the negative side of the character, laughter in “Christmas Eve” rather contributes to the affirmation of the negative: The devil and other negative characters are not expelled but recognized by the community. The situation comic comes from a comic situation in which the devil and three men are trapped in a sack; from it the new comic situations come out in succession. Verbal comic occurs through sudden and unexpected changes in speech. The narrator of the story interrupts unexpectedly the flow of the narrative by inserting personal opinions or the villagers' debate over Bacula's way of death turns into that over the sexton's love affair. In addition, the Ukrainian people’s incorrect Russian speaking and dialect become materials of verbal comic.
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