코발트(II)가 말똥성게(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)의 수정 및 배아 발생에 미치는 영향
Effect of Cobalt (II) on the Fertilization and Embryo Development of the Sea Urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)
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코발트는 자연적으로 암석, 토양 물 등에서 발견되는요소일 뿐만 아니라 산업화에 의해 생성되는 유해물질 중의 하나이다. 환경에서는 코발트 (II)와 코발트 (III)의두 가지 산화물로 존재하며, 연안 해역으로 유입 시 먹이연쇄를 통해 해양생태계 전반에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 유용 수산생물로써 조간대 암반 지역에 서식하는 말똥성게(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)를 이용하여 cobalt (Co (II); 10, 100, 500, 1000, 2500 ppb)가 배우자 및 배아에 미치는 독성 영향을 조사하였다. 성숙한말똥성게(H. pulcherrimus) 체강에 0.5 M KCl를 주입하여방란 및 방정을 유도하였으며 수컷은 흰색 또는 크림색정자를 분비하고 암컷은 노란색 또는 오렌지색 난자를분비하였다. 실험은 30분 내에 배우자를 수집한 후 실행하였다. 수정률 및 배아 발생률을 조사하기 위한 실험은수정 후 각각 10분 및 64시간 실시하였다. 수정률은 대조군과 실험군과의 유의적인 변화가 없었다. 배아발생률은 대조군에서 90% 이상 나타났고 실험군에서는 농도의존적으로 유의적인 감소를 나타냈다. 말똥성게(H. pulcherrimus)의 정상 배아 발생에 대한 Co (II)의 독성치는반수영향농도(EC_(50)) 71.84 ppb와 95% Cl 16.71~203.36ppb로 나타났다. 또한 무영향농도(NOEC)는 ⁄10 ppb로나타났고, 최소영향농도(LOEC)는 10 ppb로 나타났다. 본연구 결과, Co (II)가 연안해역에 유입시, 10 ppb 이상의농도로 존재할 경우 말똥성게(H. pulcherrimus)와 같은연안정착성 생물의 초기 배아 발생단계는 심각한 영향을 받을 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
Cobalt is a naturally occurring element found in rocks, soil, water and/or is among the harmful pollutants as generated by industrialized. In the environment, cobalt has two oxidation states, cobalt (II) (Co (II)) and cobalt (III) (Co (III)). If coastal water is contaminated by cobalt, it through the food chain can have an impact on marine ecosystems. Therefore, we examined the gametotoxic and embryotoxic effects of Co (II) at various concentrations (10, 100, 500, 1000, 2500ppb) in the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Spawning was induced by injecting 1 mL of 0.5 M KCl into coelomic cavity. Males released white or cream-colored sperms and females released yellow or orange-colored eggs. Experiment was begun within 30 min the collection of both gametes. The fertilization and embryo development rates test were performed for 10 min and 64 h after fertilization, respectively. The fertilization rates in the control condition (not including Co (II)) and experimental group were not significantly changed. The embryo development rates in the control condition were greater than 90% and were significantly decreased with concentration dependent manner. The normal embryogenesis rate was significantly inhibited in exposed to cobalt (II) (EC_(50)=71.84 ppb, 95% Cl=16.71-203.36 ppb). The NOEC and LOEC of normal embryogenesis rate were ⁄10 ppb and 10 ppb, respectively. These results suggest that the early embryo stages of H. pulcherrimus have toxic effect at greater than 10 ppb of Co (II) concentration.
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