시설채소재배지의 토양특성과 흡착제 종류별 염류경감 효과
Screening of Adsorbent to Reduce Salt Concentration in the Plastic Film House Soil under Continuous Vegetable Cultivation
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초록
국내 시설하우스의 경우 화학비료를 비롯한 각종 농자재의 투입으로 인하여 비료 성분이 집적되었고 이는 작물의 수분흡수 장해를 유발하여 영양장해와 품질저하를 초래하고 있다. 또한 일부 지역에서는 농작물 가식 부위로의 NO3- 축적과 질소 및 인의 용탈로 인한 수질 오염이 우려 된다. 본 연구에서는 연작장해가 발생한 시설채소재배지 토양의 물리화학적 특성을 평가하고 염류성분을 흡착고정화할 수 있는 흡착제를 처리하여 토양용액에 존재하는 염류성분을 경감시킬 수 있는 최적의 흡착제를 선별하고자 하였다. 실험에 사용된 토양은 유효인산(1431～6516 mg kg-1), 질산성 질소(117.60～395.73 mg kg-1), 치환성 칼슘(4.06～11.07 cmolc kg-1) 및 마그네슘(2.59～18.76 cmolc kg-1) 성분이 기준치를 과도하게 초과하여 염류장해를 유발하는 요인으로 작용하였다. 염류집적 토양에 대한 미강처리는 토양용액 내의 인산과 질산 이온을 93～100% 감소시켰으며 처리효율은 미강 > 혼합이온교환수지 > 분말형 제올라이트 순으로 나타났다. 미강을 제외한 모든 처리구는 pH 7.98～8.11의 범위를 나타내었으며 미강 처리구에서는 토양의 pH가 6.61로 감소되었다. 미강 처리구의 경우 토양의 종류에 따른 차이는 있었으나 음이온에 대한 흡착능력이 매우 뛰어남을 알 수 있었다. 토양용액 중의 칼슘 이온에 대한 제거효율은 제올라이트 1～65%, 혼합이온교환수지 7～61%의 범위를 나타냈으며 미강의 경우 일부 토양에서는 토양용액 중의 칼슘 농도를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났으며 양이온교환수지의 경우 암모니움 이온과 칼륨 및 나트륨 이온에 대해서도 가장 뛰어난 흡착특성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 양이온의 경우에는 혼합이온교환수지 처리가 그리고 음이온의 경우 미강 처리가 토양용액 중의 염류성분의 흡착제거에 뛰어난 효과가 있는 것으로 평가되었으며 경제적인 측면에서도 적용 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.
Abstract
Salt accumulation in the plastic film house soils under continuous cultivation condition causes problems such as salt damages to plants, nitrate accumulation in vegetables, groundwater contamination, etc. due to excess application of fertilizers. Objective of this research was to find an optimum adsorbent to reduce salt concentration in the soil solution of plastic film house soils, where crop injuries have been observed due to the salt accumulation. The soils were significantly high in available P (1,431～6,516 mg kg-1), NO3-N (117.60～395.73 mg kg-1), exchangeable Ca (4.06～11.07 cmolc kg-1) and Mg (2.59～18.76 cmolc kg-1), as compared to those of the average upland soils in Korea. Soils were treated with each of adsorbent such as ion-exchange resin, zeolite, rice bran, etc. at 2% level and prepared into saturated-paste samples. After equilibrium, soil solution was vacuum-extracted from the soil and measured for changes of the pH, EC, and concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, NH4+, PO43- and NO3-. Rice bran effectively removed PO43- and NO3- in the soil solution up to 100%. Efficiency was decreased in the orders of rice bran > ion-exchange resin > zeolite. Removal efficiencies of zeolite and ion-exchange resin for Ca2+ were ranged from 1 to 65% and from 7 to 61%, respectively. Ion-exchange resin was also effective for removing Mg2+, K+, Na+, and NH4+. Overall results demonstrated that rice bran and ion-exchange resin could be applicable for salt accumulated soil to remove the respective anion and cation.
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