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이른 여름 제주 해안 주변 해역의 해양 환경과 식물플랑크톤 군집의 분포 특성

Marine Environments and Phytoplankton Community around Jeju Island, Korea in the Early Summer of 2016

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초록

제주 해안선의 19개 항만을 대상으로 2016년 6월 제주 천해역의 해황과 식물플랑크톤 군집의 차이를 파악하였다. 결과 수온은 17.6~20.7℃, 염분은 26.19~32.33 psu, Chl-a 농도는 0.76~7.13 μg L-1 그리고 탁도는 0.51~14.49 FTU의 범위에서 변동하였다. 식물플랑크톤 군집도 출현이 확인된 종은 35속 51종으로 단조롭고, 분류군별로는 규조류가 56.8%, 와편모조류가 27.4%를 차지하였다. 그러나 정점별 출현종은5~22종으로 염분에 의해 지배되었다. 세포밀도 2.9~185.9 cells mL-1로 변화하여, 환경인자 및 식물플랑크톤 군집 모두 해역별 차이가 큰 특징을 보였다. 우점종은 전체로는Navicula spp., Strphanopyxis turris, Eutreptiella gymnastica, Mesodinium rubrum이 5% 이상의 우점율을 보이지만, 해역별로는 전체와는 다른 양상으로 우점종에서도 많은 차이를보였다. 그리고 주성분분석에 의한 제주해안선 주변해역의식물플랑크톤 군집에서 Chl-a 농도는 규조류보다 식물성 편모조류에 의해 지배되었고, 규조류는 염분에 크게 지배되지않지만, 출현종 및 식물성 편모조류는 염분과 밀접한 관련성을 보였다. 즉 이러한 결과는 이른 여름 제주 해안선 주변해역의 식물플랑크톤 군집은 쓰시마난류, 양자강희석수 등 대형 수괴보다도 육지부의 기온, 강수량 등의 기상인자와 함께해안으로 직접 유입되는 지하수에 의해 기초생산이 지배되는 것을 시사하는 것으로 판단되었다.

Abstract

This study described the spatial distributions of marine environmental factors such as water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a concentration and turbidity, and characteristics of phytoplankton community such as species composition, standing crops and dominant species at 19 fishing ports around Jeju Island during the early summer of 2016. I analyzed bio-oceanographical characteristics using principal component analysis (PCA) of the environmental factors and biological parameters. Water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a and turbidity ranged from 17.6 to 20.7℃, from 26.19 to 32.33 psu, from 0.76 to 7.13 μg L-1, and from 0.51 to 14.49 FTU, respectively. A total of 51 species of phytoplankton belonging to 35 genera were identified. In particular, diatoms and dinoflagellates accounted for more than 56.8% and 27.4% of all the species, respectively. Moreover, the number of phytoplankton species was controlled by salinity. Phytoplankton cell density ranged from 2.9 cells mL-1 to 185.9 cells mL-1. The dominant species were Navicula spp. Stephanopyxis turris, Eutreptiella gymnastica and Mesodinium rubrum. Environmental factors and the phytoplankton community varied greatly between sampling sites. According to PCA, the biological oceanographic characteristics of the around Jeju Island were characterized by meteorological factors such as air temperature, precipitation and discharge of ground water during early summer.

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