바이오플락 및 일반 해수에서 질산염의 넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus)에 미치는 급성 독성 및 혈액학적 성상의 변화
Lethal Toxicity and Hematological Changes Exposed to Nitrate in Flatfish, Paralichthys olivaceus in Biofloc and Seawater
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본 연구는 넙치 치어 (평균 체장 6.8±2.6 cm, 평균 체중 97.8±15.8 g)를 바이오플락에 각 농도별 0, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1,000, 1,500 mg L-1의 질산염과 일반 해수에 각 농도별 0, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1,000 mg L-1의 질산염을 96시간 노출시킨 후 생존율 및 혈액학적 변화를 비교하였다. 본 연구에서 넙치 치어의 반수치사농도 (96 h LC50, 96시간 노출 후 총 개체수의 50%가 폐사하는 농도)는 바이오플락 내의 질산염 노출 실험구에서는 1,226 mg NO3 L-1, 해수에서는 597 mg NO3 L-1 (P<0.05)였으며, 이는 넙치 유생이 높은 질산염에 노출되었을 경우, 같은 농도에서도 바이오플락 사육수 보다 일반 해수에서 생물에 독성의 영향이 크게 나타난다고 볼 수 있다. 혈액학적 분석 결과에서는 일반 해수에서 넙치의 hematocrit는 250 mg L-1 이상의 농도에서 대조구에 비해 통계적으로 유의한 증가를 나타낸 반면, 바이오플락에서 넙치의 hematocrit는 1,000 mg L-1의 질산염 노출에서만 대조구 대비 통계적으로 유의한 증가를 나타냈다 (P<0.05). 그러나, hemoglobin은 일반 해수와 바이오플락 모두 질산염 농도 의존적 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 질산염 노출에 따른 혈장 효소 성분 분석 결과에서는 혈장 AST와 ALT의 경우, 바이오플락과 일반 해수 모두 각 농도별 질산염 노출에 따라 유의하게 증가하였으나, ALP의 경우 두 실험구에서 모두 질산염 농도 증가에 따른 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 바이오플락 환경에서 사육된 넙치가 일반해수에 사육된 넙치에 비해 단기간 질산염 노출에 대한 한계농도 및 혈액학적 성상에서 더 높은 질산염 내성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 일반 해수보다 바이오플락 내의 질산염 노출이 상대적으로 생물에게 낮은 독성을 가지며, 이와 같은 효과는 양식에 있어 바이오플락을 이용함으로써 잠재적인 질산염 독성 영향을 경감시켜줄 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
Juvenile Paralichthys olivaceus (mean length 19.8±2.6 cm, mean weight 97.8±15.8 g) were exposed for 96 hours to different nitrate concentrations of 0, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1,000, and 1,500 mg L-1 in biofloc and 0, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1,000 mg L-1 in seawater. Median lethal concentration values (LC50, the concentration at which 50% of mortality occurred after 96 hours of exposure) of nitrate to P. olivaceus in biofloc and seawater were 1,226 and 597 mg NO3 L-1 (P<0.05), respectively, revealing a higher toxicity of nitrate to P. olivaceus in seawater than in biofloc. In hematological parameters, hematocrit level in P. olivaceus exposed to nitrate was significantly increased only at a concentration of 1,000 mg L-1 in biofloc and at concentrations higher than 250 mg L-1 in seawater, but no significant changes in hemoglobin were found in biofloc and seawater. In plasma parameters, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransminase (ALT) were significantly increased by nitrate exposure in biofloc and seawater, but no significant changes in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were found in biofloc and seawater. Results of this study indicate that nitrate exposure to P. olivaceus have a lethal toxic effect and alter hematological and plasma constituents of flatfish P. olivaceus. Given relatively lower toxicity of nitrate in biofloc than in seawater, the use of biofloc in aquaculture may reduce potential toxic effect caused by nitrate in feces and feed residue.
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