Soil Microbial Community Assessment for the Rhizosphere Soil of Herbicide Resistant Genetically Modified Chinese Cabbage
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
BACKGROUND: Cultivation of genetically modified(GM)crops rapidly has increased in the global agricultural area. Among those, herbicide resistant GM crops are reported to have occupied 89.3 million hectares in 2010. However,cultivation of GM crops in the field evoked the concern of the possibility of gene transfer from transgenic plant into soil microorganisms. In our present study, we have assessed the effects of herbicide-resistant GM Chinese cabbage on the surrounding soil microbial community. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effects of a herbicideresistant genetically modified (GM) Chinese cabbage on the soil microbial community in its field of growth were assessed using a conventional culture technique and also culture-independent molecular methods. Three replicate field plots were planted with a single GM and four non-GM Chinese cabbages (these included a non-GM counterpart). The soils around these plants were compared using colony counting, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and a species diversity index assessment during the growing periods. The bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes population densities of the GM Chinese cabbage soils were found to be within the range of those of the non-GM Chinese cabbage soils. The DGGE banding patterns of the GM and non-GM soils were also similar, suggesting that the bacterial community structures were stable within a given month and were unaffected by the presence of a GM plant. The similarities of the bacterial species diversity indices were consistent with this finding. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that soil microbial communities are unaffected by the cultivation of herbicide-resistant GM Chinese cabbage within the experimental time frame.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cultivation of genetically modified(GM)crops rapidly has increased in the global agricultural area. Among those, herbicide resistant GM crops are reported to have occupied 89.3 million hectares in 2010. However,cultivation of GM crops in the field evoked the concern of the possibility of gene transfer from transgenic plant into soil microorganisms. In our present study, we have assessed the effects of herbicide-resistant GM Chinese cabbage on the surrounding soil microbial community. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effects of a herbicideresistant genetically modified (GM) Chinese cabbage on the soil microbial community in its field of growth were assessed using a conventional culture technique and also culture-independent molecular methods. Three replicate field plots were planted with a single GM and four non-GM Chinese cabbages (these included a non-GM counterpart). The soils around these plants were compared using colony counting, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and a species diversity index assessment during the growing periods. The bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes population densities of the GM Chinese cabbage soils were found to be within the range of those of the non-GM Chinese cabbage soils. The DGGE banding patterns of the GM and non-GM soils were also similar, suggesting that the bacterial community structures were stable within a given month and were unaffected by the presence of a GM plant. The similarities of the bacterial species diversity indices were consistent with this finding. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that soil microbial communities are unaffected by the cultivation of herbicide-resistant GM Chinese cabbage within the experimental time frame.
참고문헌 (28)
- Arias, M.E., "Soil health –. a new challenge for microbiologists and chemists", Int. Microbiol, 8, pp.13~21 (2005)
- Cho, H.S., "Developmant of “"basta”" resistant Chinesecabbage by transfer of bar gene", Korean J. Breed, 33(4), pp.324~331 (2001)
- Duke, S.O., "Taking stock of herbicide-resistant crops ten years after introduction", Pest Management Science, 61(3), pp.211~218 (2005)
- Dunfield, K.E., "Impacts of genetically modified crops on soil-and plant-associated microbial communities", J. Environ. Qual, 33, pp.806~815 (2004)
- Espinoza-Esquivel, A.M., "A multidisciplinary approach directed towards the commercial release of transgenic herbicide-tolerant rice in Costa Rica", Transgenic Res, 16(5), pp.541~555 (2007)
- "Genetically modified organisms (GMOs): The significance of gene flow through pollen transfer, Environ" (2002)[URL]
- Ferianita-Fachrul, M., "Phytoplankton Community as Bio-Indicatorof Territorial waer Quality at Jakarta Bay", pp.1~7 (2005), FMIPA-Indonesia University
- Heuer, H., "Effects of T4 lysozyme release from transgenic potato roots on bacterial rhizosphere communities are negligibla relative to natural factors", Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 68, pp.1325~1335 (2002)
- Heuer, H., "Analysis of actinomycete communities by specific amplification of genes encoding 16S rRNA and gel-electrophoretic separation in denaturing gradients", Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 63, pp.3233~3241 (1997)
- Heuer, H., "Bacterial community profiling using DGGE or TGGE analysis, In Environmental Molecular Microbiology: Protocols and Applications", pp.177~190 (2001), Horizontal Scientific press
- The global status of commercialized biotech, "GM crops", James, C., 2011, ISAAA Briefs No. 43
- Kim, Min-Cheol, "Molecular Analysis of Bacterial Community Structures in Paddy Soils forEnvironmental Risk Assessment with Two Varieties of Genetically ModifiedRice, Iksan 483 and Milyang 204", Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 18(2), pp.207~218 (2008), 한국미생물·생명공학회
- Lee, S. H., "Temporal Dynamics of Bacterial and Fungal Communities in a Genetically Modified (GM) Rice Ecosystem", MICROBIAL ECOLOGY, 61(3), pp.646~659 (2011), SPRINGER
- Liesack, W., "Microbiology of flooded rice paddies", FEMS Microbiol. Rev, 24, pp.625~645 (2000)
- Kowalchuk, G.A., "Assessing responses of soil microorganisms to GM plants", Trends Ecol. Evol, 18, pp.403~410 (2003)
- Muyzer, G., "Application of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) in microbial ecology", Antonie Leeuwenhoek, 73, pp.127~141 (1998)
- Muyzer, G., "Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16S rRNA", Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 59, pp.695~700 (1993)
- Nielsen, K.M., "Dynamics, horizontal transfer and selection of novel DNA in bacterial populations in the phytosphere of transgenic plants", Ann. Microbiol, 51, pp.79~94 (2001)
- Odum, "Fundamental of Ecology", pp.800~ (1998), Gadjah Mada University Press
- Oger, P., "Genetically engineered plants producing opines alter their biological environment", Nat. Biotechnol, 15, pp.369~372 (1997)
- Olofsdotter, M., "Herbicide resistant rice (Oryza sativa L.): Global implications for weedy rice and weed management", Annals of Applied Biology, 137(3), pp.279~295 (2000)
- Peng, W., "GM crop cultivation surges, but novel traits languish", Nature, 29(4), pp.302~ (2011)
- Riba, G., "Les plantes transgeniques et l’'environment", C. R. Acad. Agric. Fr, 86, pp.57~65 (2000)
- Savka, M.A., "Modification od rhizobacterial populations by engineering bacterium utilizztion of a novel plant-produced resource", Nat. Biotechnol, 15, pp.363~368 (1997)
- Susuki, M.T., "Bias caused by template annealing in the amplification of mixtures of 16S rRNA genes by PCR", Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 62, pp.625~630 (1996)
- Tilman, D., "Biodiversity and stability in grasslands", Nature, 367, pp.363~365 (1994)
- Wohlleben, W., "Identification and characterization of phosphinothricin–.tripeptide biosynthetic genes in Streptomyces viridochromogenes", Gene, 115, pp.127~132 (1992)
- Wolfenbarger, L.L., "The ecological risks and benefits of genetically engineered plants", Science, 290, pp.2088~2093 (2000)