둥근성게 (Mesocentrotus nudus)의 수정 및 배아 발생률에 미치는 신방오도료 (Diuron, Irgarol)의 독성영향
Toxic effects of antifouling agents (diuron and irgarol) on fertilization and normal embryogenesis rates in the sea urchin (Mesocentrotus nudus)
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초록
둥근성게 (Mesocentrotus nudus)의 수정 및 배아 발생률을 이용하여 신방오도료 2종 (Diuron, Irgarol)의 독성영향을 조사하였다. Diuron과 Irgarol이 시험생물에게 미치는 독성영향을 살펴보기 위해, 시험농도 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00, 20.00 및 40.00 mg L-1를 조성하였다. M. nudus으로부터 정자와 난자를 얻기 위하여 체강에 0.5 M KCl 1 mL를 주입하여, 수컷에서는 흰색이나 크림색 정자를, 암컷에서는 노란색이나 주황색 난자를 획득하였다. 획득 후, 30분 이내에 충분히 세척한 뒤 시험에 사용하여, 수정률의 경우는 10분, 정상배아 발생률은 48시간 동안 노출하였다. Diuron과 Irgarol은 수정률에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 정상배아 발생률은 농도 의존적으로 감소하였다 (EC50=21.62 mg L-1, 95% CI=18.95~24.29 mg L-1) and irgarol (EC50=22.45 mg L-1, 95% CI=22.15~22.75 mg L-1). 또한, Diuron과 Irgarol에 노출된 정상배아 발생률의 NOEC는 <1.25 mg L-1였으며, LOEC는 각각 1.25, 2.5 mg L-1를 나타냈다. Diuron과 Irgarol은 해양생태계 내에서 1.25, 2.5 mg L-1 이상의 농도가 나타날 시, M. nudus를 포함한 무척추동물에 독성영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구를 통하여 도출된 결과와 독성값 (NOEC, LOEC 및 EC50)은 해양생태계 내에서 Diuron과 Irgarol 같은 신방오도료의 해양환경 기준농도를 설정하는 귀중한 자료로 활용될 것이다.
Abstract
Toxic assessment of antifouling agents (diuron and irgarol) was conducted using the fertilization and the normal embryogenesis rates of the sea urchin, Mesocentrotus nudus. Bioassessment began with male and female reproductive cell induction. White or cream-colored male gametes (sperm) and yellow or orange-colored female gametes (eggs) were acquired and fully washed, separately. Then, the fertilization and normal embryogenesis rates were measured after 10 min and 48 h of exposure to the toxicants, respectively. The fertilization and embryo development rates were greater than 90% in the control, validating the suitability of both endpoints. The normal embryogenesis rates were significantly decreased with increasing concentrations of diuron and irgarol, but no changes in the fertilization rates were observed in concentrations ranging from 0 to 40 mg L-1. The EC50 values of diuron and irgarol for the normal embryogenesis rates were 20.07 mg L-1 and 22.45 mg L-1, respectively. The no observed effect concentrations (NOEC) were <1.25 mg L-1 and the lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC) were 1.25 mg L-1 and 2.5 mg L-1, respectively. From these results, concentrations of diuron and irgarol over 1.25 mg L-1 and 2.5 mg L-1, respectively, can be considered to have toxic effects on invertebrates, including M. nudus. The ecotoxicological bioassay in this study using the noted fertilization and normal embryogenesis rates of M. nudus can be used as baseline data for the continued establishment of environmental quality standards for the effects of antifouling agents (especially diuron and irgarol) in a marine environment.
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