2021년 이른 가을 남해 서부 해역의 수괴 분포 및 식물플랑크톤 군집의 공간분포 특성
Characteristics on spatial distributions of phytoplankton communities in relation to water masses in the western South Sea, Korea in early autumn 2021
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
가을 한국 남해 서부 해역의 수괴분석 및 식물플랑크톤 군집의 공간분포 특성을 이해하기 위해 2021년 9월 15개 정점의 표층과 엽록소 a 최댓층 (CML)을 대상으로 조사하였다. 결과, 수괴는 고온, 저염의 연안수 (CW), 고온, 고염의 쓰시마난류 (TWC) 및 이 두 수괴의 혼합특성을 보이는 혼합수 (MW)로 구분되었다. 용존산소 포화도는 표층에서는 95% 이상을 보이지만, CML 일부 해역은 낮은 불포화 상태를 보였고, 탁도는 표층과 저층 모두에서 농도가 높았다. 엽록소 a 농도는 표층이 0.90±0.43 μg L-1 변동 폭으로 연안수에서 1.1 μg L-1 이상, 혼합수에서 1.0 μg L-1 전후, 그리고 쓰시마난류에서 0.5 μg L-1 이하를 나타내었다. CML은 1.64±0.54 μg L-1 변동 폭으로 표층보다 약 2배 높았다. 식물플랑크톤 종 조성은 31속 57종으로 규조류가 57.8%, 와편모조류가 35.1%, 규질편모조류 5.3%, 그리고 은편모조류가 1.8%로 단조로웠다. 현존량은 표층이 4.6±7.6 cells mL-1 변동 폭으로 연안에서 30 cells mL-1 이상, 혼합수에서 2~5 cells mL-1, 그리고 쓰시마난류에서 2 cells mL-1 이하를 나타내었다. CML은 5.7±8.4 cells mL-1 변동 폭으로 표층보다 다소 높았다. 5% 이상 우점율을 보이는 우점종은 표층에서 Rhizosolenia flagilissima f. flagilissima, Skeletonema costatum-ls, Nitzschia sp./small size가 각 8.4%, 6.1%, 5.2% 순이었고, CML은 Rh. flagilisima f. flagilissima가 12.0%의 우점율을 나타내었으나, 낮은 현존량으로 우점종에 대한 의미 부여가 어려웠다. 다양도 지수는 표층이 2.36±0.40 변동 폭으로 쓰시마난류에서 높고, 혼합수에서 낮았고, CML은 2.29±0.52 변동 폭으로 표층보다 다소 낮았다. 우점도 지수는 표층이 0.50±0.15 변동 폭으로 혼합수에서 0.5 이상, 쓰시마난류에서 0.5 이하로 다양도와 다른 특성을 보였다. 상관분석 및 주성분 분석 결과는 식물플랑크톤 현존량은 연안수 및 혼합수에서 높고, 높은 탁도를 보인 일부 혼합수 및 쓰시마난류에서 낮은 것에서, 각 수괴의 확장 및 혼합 정도에 따라 식물플랑크톤 군집의 출현 및 분포에 커다란 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되었다.
Abstract
A survey was conducted to analyze water masses and spatial distributions of phytoplankton communities at 15 stations on the surface and chlorophyll a maximum layers (CML) in the western South Sea of Korea from September 8 to 9, 2021. As a result, water masses were classified into Coastal Waters (CW) with relatively low salinity, the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) with high water temperature and high salinity, and mixed waters (MW) showing a mixture of these two water masses. Turbidity showed high concentration in both the surface and CML. The chlorophyll a concentration was as low as 0.90±0.43 μg L-1 in the surface, more than 1.1 μg L-1 in CW, around 1.0 μg L-1 in MW, and less than 0.5 μg L-1 in the TWC. CML was 1.64±0.54 μg L-1. Regarding species composition of phytoplankton communities, there were 57 species in 31 genera (diatoms, 57.8%; dinoflagellates, 35.1%; and other phytoflagellates, 7.1%). The phytoplankton standing crop had 4.6±7.6 cells mL-1 in the surface, more than 30 cells mL-1 in the CW, 2-5 cells mL-1 in the MW, and less than 2 cells mL-1 in the TWC. CML was slightly higher than the surface with a variation of 5.7±8.4 cells mL-1. Dominant species were found to be Rhizosolenia flagilissima f. flagilissima, Skeletonema costatum-ls, and Nitzschia sp./small size in the surface. For the CML Rh. flagilisima f. flagilissima showed a dominance of 12.0%. For the surface, the diversity variation was 2.36±0.40, which was high for TWC but low for MW. For CML, the diversity variation was 2.29±0.52, which was slightly lower than that of the surface. The dominance in the surface was 0.50±0.15, with a fluctuation range of more than 0.5 in MW and less than 0.5 in the TWC, which was different from the diversity. According to correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), the presence of phytoplankton standing crops was high in CW but low in MW and TWC. That is, phytoplankton communities in early autumn were strongly affected by the expansion and mixing of water masses in western South Sea.
참고문헌 (53)
- Abdalla RR, "A statistical modelling of phytoplankton eutrophication in the Eastern Harbour, Alexandria", Egypt. Bull. Nat. Inst. Oceanogr. Fish, 21, pp.125~146 (1995)
- Baldry K, "Subsurface chlorophyll-a maxima in the Southern Ocean", Front. Mar. Sci, 7, pp.671~ (2020)
- Behrenfeld MJ, "Global ocean phytoplankton", Am. Met. Soc, 90, pp.S68~ (2009)
- Cho KD, "In summer, the origin of Tsushima Warm Current water in western channel of the Korea Strait 1. On the water in surface layer", Bull. Korean Fish. Tech. Soc, 26, pp.184~191 (1990)
- Cupp EE, "Marine plankton diatoms of the west coast of north America", Bull. Scripps Inst. Oceanogr. Univ. California, 5, pp.1~237 (1943)
- Danovaro R, "Climate change and the potential spreading of marine mucilage and microbial pathogens in the Mediterranean Sea", PLoS One, 4, pp.e7006~ (2009)
- Deniz N, "New records of the Dictyocha antarctica Lohmann, Dictyocha crux Ehrenberg and Nitzschia rectilonga Takano species from the Sea of Marmara", Turk. J. Bot., 30, pp.213~216 (2006)
- Fukudome KI, "Seasonal volume transport variation in the Tsushima Warm Current through the Tsushima Straits from 10 years of ADCP observations", J. Oceanogr, 66, pp.539~551 (2010)
- Furuya K, "Phytoplankton dynamics in the East China Sea in spring and summer as revealed by HPLC-derived pigment signatures", Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr, 50, pp.367~387 (2003)
- Gerla DJ, "Photoinhibition and the assembly of light-limited phytoplankton communities", Oikos, 120, pp.359~368 (2011)
- Gong GC, "Chemical hydrography and chlorophyll a distribution in the East China Sea in summer : implications in nutrient dynamics", Cont. Shelf Res, 16, pp.1561~1590 (1996)
- Guo S, "Seasonal variation in the phytoplankton community of a continental-shelf sea : the East China Sea", Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser, 516, pp.103~126 (2014)
- Horner RA, "A Taxonomic Guide to Some Common Phytoplankton" (2002), Biopress Limited, Dorset Press
- Howard AG, "Arsenic speciation and seasonal changes in nutrient availability and micro-plankton abundance in Southampton Water", UK. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci, 40, pp.435~450 (1995)
- Hur HB, "Monthly variations of water masses in the Yellow and East China Seas", J. Oceanogr, 55, pp.171~184 (1999)
- Ichikawa H, "The current system in the Yellow and East China Seas", J. Oceanogr, 58, pp.77~92 (2002)
- Ismael GL, "New data on the distribution of Torodinium robustum and T. teredo (Dinophyceae: Gymnodiniales)in the Gulf of California", Check List, 9, pp.809~812 (2013)
- Jaanus A, "Eutrophication in Coastal Ecosystems" (2009), Springer
- Jiang Z, "Responses of summer phytoplankton community to drastic environmental changes in the Changjiang(Yangtzu River)estuary during the past 50 years", Water Res, 54, pp.1~14 (2014)
- Kent ML, "Gill lesion and mortality in seawater pen-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar associated with a dense bloom of Skeletonema coastatum and Thalassiosira species", Dis. Aquat. Org, 22, pp.77~81 (1995)
- Kim HJ, "Inversion phenomena of temperature in the southern sea of Korea", Bull. Korean Fish. Soc, 16, pp.111~116 (1983)
- 김혜선, "2018년 금강 하구해역 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시ㆍ공간적 분포 및 생물해양학적 환경특성", 환경생물, 38(2), pp.254~270 (2020), 한국환경생물학회[DOI]
- Kim IO, "A study on China coastal water appeared in the neighbouring seas of Cheju Island", Bull. Korean Fish. Soc, 27, pp.515~528 (1994)
- Kim J, "Low-salinity induced surface sound channel in the western sea of Jeju Island during summer", J. Acoust. Soc. Am, 137, pp.1576~1585 (2015)
- 김주일, "한국 남해 연안 전선구조에 따른 멸치 알의 분포", 한국어류학회지, 17(3), pp.205~216 (2005), 한국어류학회
- 김성현, "2015년 4월에 제주 서부해역에서 발생한 수온역전층 특성", Ocean and Polar Research, 42(2), pp.97~113 (2020), 한국해양과학기술원[DOI]
- Lee JH, "Impact of typhoons on the Changjiang plume extension in the Yellow and East China Seas", J. Geophys. Res. -Oceans, 122, pp.4962~4973 (2017)
- Lie HJ, "Seasonal circulation patterns of the Yellow and East China Seas derived from satellite-tracked drifter trajectories and hydrographic observations", Prog. Oceanogr, 146, pp.121~141 (2006)
- Lim DB, "The movements of the waters off the south coast of Korea", J. Oceanol. Soc. Korea, 11, pp.77~88 (1976)
- Liu X, "Responses of phytoplankton communities to environmental variability in the East China Sea", Ecosystems, 19, pp.832~849 (2016)
- Lorrain A, "Growth anomalies in Pecten maximus from coastal waters (Bay of Brest, France): relationship with diatom blooms", J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 80, pp.667~673 (2000)
- Łotocka M, "The first observed bloom of the diatom Dactyliosolen fragilissimus(Bergon)Hasle 1996 in the Gulf of Gdańsk", Oceanologia, 48, pp.447~452 (2006)
- MacKenzie L, "Mass accumulation of mucilage caused by dinoflagellate polysaccharide exudates in Tasman Bay, New Zealand", Harmful Algae, 1, pp.69~83 (2002)
- McNaughton SJ, "Structure and function in California grassland", Ecol, 49, pp.962~972 (1968)
- Miralto A, "The insidious effect of diatoms on copepod reproduction", Nature, 402, pp.173~176 (1999)
- Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, "National List of Marine Species V. Marine Protists", MABIK, ~ (2021)
- Omura T, "Marine Phytoplankton of the Western Pacific", Kouseisha Kouseikaku, ~ (2012)
- 박지혜, "2021년 봄 남해 수괴 분포와 식물플랑크톤 군집의 공간분포 특성", 한국해양환경•에너지학회지, 24(4), pp.149~160 (2021), 한국해양환경·에너지학회[DOI]
- Parsons TR, "Biological Oceanographic Processes" (1984), Pergamon Press
- Philips EJ, "Climatic trends and temporal patterns of phytoplankton composition, abundance, and succession in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida", USA. Estuar. Coasts, 33, pp.498~512 (2010)
- Price JF, "Diurnal cycling : Observations and models of the upper ocean response to diurnal heating, cooling", J. Geophys. Res, 91, pp.8411~8427 (1986)
- Ryther JH, "Photosynthesis and fish production in the sea", Science, 166, pp.72~76 (1969)
- Shannon CE, "The Mathematical Theory of Communication" (1963), Univ. Illinois Press
- Urbana, "Characterization of global ocean turbidity from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ocean color observations", J. Geophys. Res, 115, pp.C11022~ (2010)
- Xiao W, "The impact of giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai blooms on plankton communities in a temperate marginal sea", Mar. Pollut. Bull, 149, pp.110507~ (2019)
- Yamasaki Y, "Species-specific alleopathic effects of the diatom Skeletonema costatum", Thalassas, 27, pp.21~32 (2011)
- Yang HS, "Spatio-temporal distribution of nutrients in the surface waters of Deukryang Bay 1. Seasonal variation of nutrients and limiting factors for primary production", J. Korean Fish. Soc., 28, pp.475~488 (1995)
- Yang SK, "variations of the sea surface temperature distribution and the shelf fronts in the Cheju Strait and the Korea Strait", J. Korean Environ. Sci. Soc, 3, pp.111~128 (1994)
- 윤양호, "이른 여름 동중국해 대륙사면의 해양환경과 소형 식물플랑크톤 군집의 연직분포 특성", 한국해양환경•에너지학회지, 16(3), pp.151~162 (2013), 한국해양환경·에너지학회
- Yoon YH, "The Plankton Ecology in Korean Coastal Waters", pp.68~93 (2011), Donghwa Pub
- 윤양호, "2019년 여름 동중국해 북부해역의 수괴 분포에 따른 미소플랑크톤의 공간분포 및 생태구조 특성", 환경생물, 38(3), pp.355~370 (2020), 한국환경생물학회[DOI]
- 윤양호, "2018년 이른 여름 남해 연안해역 식물플랑크톤 군집의 공간분포 특성", 환경생물, 37(2), pp.164~176 (2019), 한국환경생물학회[DOI]
- 윤양호, "여름 한국서남해역의 해양환경과 식물플랑크톤 군집분포", 한국해양환경•에너지학회지, 10(3), pp.155~166 (2007), 한국해양환경·에너지학회
