암모니아 노출에 따른 조피볼락(Sebastes schlegeli)의 생리학적 반응
Physiological Responses in Korean Rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) Exposed to Ammonia
2
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of ammonia on physiological responsesin Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Interestingly, no mortality were observed when thespecimens (301.1±8.0 g) were exposed to five levels of un-ionized ammonia (NH3) (control, 1, 2, 4,8 mg L-1) for 3 hours. Furthermore, a significantly higher increase in gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA)pump activity with was detected due to the ammonia exposure. The activity of the fishes were foundto be 4 and 8 mg L-1 NH3, which was significantly high compared to normal 1 mg L-1 NH3. Althoughammonia exposure had no effect on plasma Cl-, exposure to both 4 and 8 mg L-1 NH3, howeverit led to increase in the plasma Na+, K+ and osmolality levels. Also, prolong ammonia exposurecause increase of plasma cortisol and glucose levels. The increase in glucose was accompaniedby an increase in cortisol. The fish exposed to 4 and 8 mg L-1 NH3 showed significantly higher hematocritthan control group than those exposed to 1 and 2 mg L-1 NH3. The intensity of cell damageincreased with the increase concentration and exposure to ammonia. Furthermore, hyperplasia,separation and epithelial necrosis were also observed in gill tissues. Taken together, the resultsshowed that direction of changes to the investigated parameters can be used to determine the physiologicalresponses of Korean rockfish to ammonia.
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of ammonia on physiological responsesin Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Interestingly, no mortality were observed when thespecimens (301.1±8.0 g) were exposed to five levels of un-ionized ammonia (NH3) (control, 1, 2, 4,8 mg L-1) for 3 hours. Furthermore, a significantly higher increase in gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA)pump activity with was detected due to the ammonia exposure. The activity of the fishes were foundto be 4 and 8 mg L-1 NH3, which was significantly high compared to normal 1 mg L-1 NH3. Althoughammonia exposure had no effect on plasma Cl-, exposure to both 4 and 8 mg L-1 NH3, howeverit led to increase in the plasma Na+, K+ and osmolality levels. Also, prolong ammonia exposurecause increase of plasma cortisol and glucose levels. The increase in glucose was accompaniedby an increase in cortisol. The fish exposed to 4 and 8 mg L-1 NH3 showed significantly higher hematocritthan control group than those exposed to 1 and 2 mg L-1 NH3. The intensity of cell damageincreased with the increase concentration and exposure to ammonia. Furthermore, hyperplasia,separation and epithelial necrosis were also observed in gill tissues. Taken together, the resultsshowed that direction of changes to the investigated parameters can be used to determine the physiologicalresponses of Korean rockfish to ammonia.
참고문헌 (33)
- Alam M, "Gill ATPase activities of silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell), and golden perch, Macquaria ambigua (Richardson): effects of environmental salt and ammonia", Aquaculture, 251, pp.118~133 (2006)
- Barton BA, "Influence of acclimation temperature on interrenal and carbohydrate stress responses in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)", Aquaculture, 62, pp.299~310 (1987)
- Barton BA, "Physiological changes in fish from stress in aquaculture with emphasis on the response and effects of corticosteroids", Annu. Rev. Fish. Dis, 1, pp.3~26 (1991)
- Benli ACK, "Sublethal ammonia exposure of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.): effects on gill, liver and kidney histology", Chemosphere, 72, pp.1355~1358 (2008)
- Chew SF, "Functional roles of Na+", K+-ATPase in active ammonia excretion and seawater acclimation in the giant mudskipper, Periophthalmodon schlosseri, 2014, ~
- Chin P, "Biological study on the increment of survival rate during early life cycle in the rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. I. Effects of ammonia on survival and growth of the larvae and juveniles stages", Korean J. Ichthyol, 10, pp.98~105 (1998)
- Dosdat A, "Effect of chronic exposure to ammonia on growth, food utilization and metabolism of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)", Aquat. Living Resour, 16, pp.509~520 (2003)
- Evans DH, "The multifunctional fish gill: dominant site of gas exchange, osmoregulation, acid-base regulation, and excretion of nitrogenous waste", Physiol. Rev, 85, pp.97~177 (2005)
- Evans DH, "Ionic transport in the fish gill epithelium", J. Exp. Zool, 283, pp.641~652 (1999)
- Fivelstad S, "Sublethal effects of ammonia in soft water on Atlantic salmon smolts at a low temperature", Aquacult. Int, 1, pp.157~169 (1993)
- Foss A, "Effects of chronic and periodic exposure to ammonia on growth and blood physiology in juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)", Aquaculture, 296, pp.45~50 (2009)
- Hwang PP, "Changes of plasma osmolality, chloride concentration and gill Na-K-ATPase activity in tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus during seawater acclimation", Mar. Biol, 100, pp.295~299 (1989)
- Ip YK, "Fish Physiology, Nitrogen Excretion", pp.109~148 (2001), Academic Press
- Kim HS, "Effect of ammonia on survival and growth of the flounder larva, Paralichthys olivaceus", J. Korean Fish. Soc, 30, pp.488~495 (1997)
- Knoph MB, "Toxicity of Ammonia to Atlantic Salmon (Saho salar L.) in Seawater-effects on plasma osmolality, ion, ammonia, urea and glucose levels and hematologic parameters", Comp. Biochem. Physiol, 113, pp.375~381 (1996)
- Knoph MB, "Subacute toxicity of ammonia to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in seawater: effects on water and salt balance, plasma cortisol and plasma ammonia levels", Aquat. Toxicol, 30, pp.295~310 (1994)
- Li M, "Effects of ammonia stress, dietary linseed oil and Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge on juvenile darkbarbel catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli", Fish Shellfish Immunol, 38, pp.158~165 (2014)
- McCormick SD., "Endocrine control of osmoregulation in teleost fish", Am. Zool, 41, pp.781~794 (2001)
- Mommsen TP, "Cortisol in teleosts: dynamics, mechanisms of action, and metabolic regulation", Rev. Fish Biol. Fisher, 9, pp.211~268 (1999)
- Olsen YA, "Metomidate anaesthesia in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, prevents plasma cortisol increase during stress", Aquaculture, 134, pp.155~168 (1995)
- Ortega VA, "Appetite-suppressing effects of ammonia exposure in rainbow trout associated with regional and temporal activation of brain monoaminergic and CRF systems", J. EXP. Biol, 208, pp.1855~1866 (2005)
- Person-Le Ruyet J, "Long term ammonia exposure of turbot: effects on plasma parameters", J. Fish Biol, 62, pp.879~894 (2003)
- Randall DJ, "Ammonia toxity in fish", Mar. Pollut. Bull, 45, pp.17~23 (2002)
- Randall DJ, "The mudskipper, Periophthalmodon schlosseri, actively transports NH4+ against a concentration gradient", Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol, 277, pp.1562~1567 (1999)
- Robertson L, "Plasma cortisol and secondary stress responses of cultured red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) to several transportation procedures", Aquaculture, 68, pp.115~130 (1988)
- Sinha AK, "The interactive effects of ammonia exposure, nutritional status and exercise on metabolic and physiological responses in goldfish (Carassius auratus L.)", Aquat. Toxicol, 109, pp.33~46 (2012)
- Tsui TKN, "Ammonia transport in cultured gill epithelium of freshwater rainbow trout: the importance of Rhesus glycoproteins and the presence of an apical Na+", NH4+ exchange complex, 2009, pp.212, 878~892
- Vijayan MM, "Metabolic responses associated with confinement stress in tilapia:the role of cortisol", Comp. Biochem. Physiol, 116C, pp.89~95 (1997)
- Wajsbrot N, "Chronic toxicity of ammonia to juvenile gilthead seabream Sparus aurata and related histopathological effects", J. Fish Biol, 43, pp.321~328 (1993)
- Wendelaar Bonga SE., "The stress response in fish", Physiol. Rev, 77, pp.591~625 (1997)
- Wilkie MP., "Ammonia excretion and urea handling by fish gills: Present understanding and future research challenges", J. Exp. Zool, 293, pp.284~301 (2002)
- Wilson RW, "Transbranchial ammonia gradients and acidbase responses to high external ammonia in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) acclimated to different salinities", J. Exp. Biol, 166, pp.95~112 (1992)
- Wood CM, "A nose-to-nose comparison of the physiological and molecular responses of rainbow trout to high environmental ammonia in seawater versus freshwater", J. Exp. Biol, 214, pp.3557~3569 (2011)