방사성동위원소 추적자 기법을 이용한 제조나노입자로 오염된 토양으로부터 지렁이 (Eisenia fetida)의 은과 아연 축적 연구
Bioaccumulation of Ag and Zn in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) from soil contaminated with Ag and Zn nanoparticles using a radiotracer method
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구에서는 방사성동위원소 추적자 실험을 통해서 산화아연 또는 두 종류의 은나노물질로 오염시킨 토양에서 지렁이 (Eisenia fetida)의 금속축적과 제거율을 비교하였고, 이들을 이온상의 Ag와 Zn으로 처리한 대조구와 비교하였다. 추가적으로 토양의 금속을 다단계추출법 (sequential extraction method)을 이용하여 금속의 결합 형태로부터 생물이용도 (bioavailability)를 예측하고 실제 생물축적 (BAF, bioaccumulation factor)과 비교하였다. ZnO 처리구의 BAF (0.06)는 아연이온 처리구 BAF (1.86)보다 31배 낮았는데, 이는 토양에서 ZnO의 생물전이가 매우 낮음을 제시해 준다. 한편, 은의 BAF는 금속의 오염 형태에에 무관하게 0.11~0.17의 범위를 보였다. 다단계추출법을 통해서 아연이온 처리구의 아연은 토양에 비교적 약한 결합을 하는 형태 (mobile fraction)에 35% 분포하여 아연이온처리구값 (<20%)보다 높았고, 이는 전자의 더 높은 BAF와 일치한다. 하지만, ZnO 처리구의 다단계추출은 생물이용도나 BAF를 잘 예측하지 못했으며 이는 ZnO가 토양에서 아연 이온과 지화학적으로 다른 거동을 하기 때문으로 추정된다. 지렁이 체내에 축적된 은의 제거율 (3.2~3.8% d-1)은 아연의 제거율 (1.2~1.7% d-1)보다 2~3배 더 높았다.
Abstract
In a radiotracer study, the bioaccumulation and efflux of metals in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) exposed to soil spiked with ZnO and Ag nanoparticles (AgNP) were compared to those exposed to soil spiked with ionic Zn and Ag. Additionally, the bioavailability and chemical mobility of nano- and ionic metals in the soil were estimated using the sequential extraction method and compared to the bioaccumulation factor (BAF). The BAF for ZnO (0.06) was 31 times lower than that for Zn ions (1.86), suggesting that ZnO was less bioavailable than the ionic form in contaminated soil. In contrast, the BAFs for two types of AgNPs coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (0.12) or citrate (0.11) were comparable to those of ionic Ag (0.17). The sequential extraction of metals from the soil suggests that the chemically mobile fractions in the Zn ion treatment were higher (35%) than those (<20%) in the Ag ion treatment, which was consistent with the greater BAFs in the former than the latter. However, the chemical mobility in the ZnO treatments did not predict bioavailability. The efflux rates of Ag (3.2-3.8% d-1) in the worms were 2-3× those (1.2-1.7% d-1) for Zn.
참고문헌 (33)
- Adeel M, "A critical review of the environmental impacts of manufactured nano-objects on earthworm species", Environ. Pollut, 290, pp.118041~ (2021)
- Alloway BJ, "Zinc in the Soil and Crop Nutrition", pp.139~ (2008), International Zinc Association
- Arshi N, "Comparative study of the Ag", PVP nano composites synthesized in water and in ethylene glycol, 2010, pp.11, S346~
- Basta N, "Estimation of Cd, Pb, and Zn bioavailability in smelter-contaminated soils by a sequential extraction procedure", J. Soil Contam, 9, pp.149~164 (2000)
- Chinnapongse SL, "Persistence of singly dispersed silver nanoparticles in natural freshwaters, synthetic seawater, and simulated estuarine waters", Sci. Total Environ, 409, pp.2443~2450 (2011)
- Clark SB, "A comparison of sequential extraction techniques to estimate geochemical controls on the mobility of fission product, actinide, and heavy metal contamination in soils", Radiochim. Acta, 74, pp.131~179 (1996)
- Cosin DJD, "Gut load and transit time in Hormogaster elisae (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae) in laboratory cultures", Eur. J. Soil Biol, 38, pp.43~46 (2002)
- Croteau MN, "Determining metal assimilation efficiency in aquatic invertebrates using enriched stable metal isotope tracers", Aquat. Toxicol, 83, pp.116~125 (2007)
- Dybowska AD, "Synthesis of isotopically modified ZnO nanoparticles and their potential as nanotoxicity tracers", Environ. Pollut, 159, pp.266~273 (2011)
- Gottschalk F, "Modeled environmental concentrations of engineered nanomaterials (TiO2, ZnO, Ag, Fullerenes) for different regions", Environ. Sci. Technol, 43, pp.9216~9222 (2009)
- He E, "Different dynamic accumulation and toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles and ionic Zn in the soil sentinel organism Enchytraeus crypticus", Envrion. Pollut, 245, pp.510~518 (2019)
- Hou HC, "Biological accumulation of engineered nanomaterials : a review of current knowledge", Environ. Sci. -Processes Impacts, 15, pp.103~122 (2013)
- Hu CW, "Toxicological effects of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles in soil on earthworm Eisenia fetida", Soil Biol. Biochem, 42, pp.586~591 (2010)
- Soil Quality Effects of Pollutants on Earthworms Part 1: Determination of Acute Toxicity to Eisenia fetida, "Eisenia andrei. ISO 11268-1", ISO, 2012
- Jankovic NZ, "Engineered nanomaterials in the context of global element cycles", Environ. Sci. -Nano, 6, pp.2697~2711 (2019)
- Jezequel D, "Submicrometer zinc oxide particles : Elaboration in polyol medium and morphological characteristics", J. Mater. Res, 10, pp.77~83 (1995)
- Khan FR, "Stable isotope tracer to determine uptake and efflux dynamics of ZnO Nano-and bulk particles and dissolved Zn to an estuarine snail", Environ. Sci. Technol, 47, pp.8532~8539 (2013)
- Koen L, "Zinc and cadmium bodyburden in terrestrial oligochaetes : Use and significance in environmental risk assessment", Environ. Toxicol. Chem, 20, pp.2067~2072 (2001)
- Laycock A, "Earthworm uptake routes and rates of ionic Zn and ZnO nanoparticles at realistic concentrations, traced using stable isotope labeling", Environ. Sci. Technol, 50, pp.412~419 (2015)
- Li WM, "Distinct biokinetic behavior of ZnO nanoparticles in Daphnia magna quantified by synthesizing 65Zn tracer", Water Res, 47, pp.895~902 (2013)
- Ma H, "Ecotoxicity of manufactured ZnO nanoparticles-a review", Environ. Pollut, 172, pp.76~85 (2013)
- Makama S, "Properties of silver nanoparticles influencing their uptake in and toxicity to the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus following exposure in soil", Environ. Pollut, 218, pp.870~878 (2016)
- Nahmani J, "Uptake kinetics of metals by the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to field-contaminated soil", Environ. Pollut, 157, pp.2622~2628 (2009)
- Nowack B, "Potential scenarios for nanomaterial release and subsequent alteration in the environment", Environ. Toxicol. Chem, 31, pp.50~59 (2013)
- OECD., "Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals No. 207:Earthworm Acute Toxicity Test", Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, ~ (1984)
- OECD., "Test No. 222: Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida", Eisenia andrei), 2016
- Rocha TA, "Environmental behavior and ecotoxicity of quantum dots at various trophic levels : a review", Environ. Int, 98, pp.1~17 (2017)
- Romero-Freire A, "Effects of aging and soil properties on zinc oxide nanoparticle availability and its ecotoxicological effects to the earthworm Esisennis Andrei", Environ. Toxicol. Chem, 36, pp.137~146 (2017)
- Salbu B, "Characterization of radioactive particles in the environment", Analyst, 123, pp.843~849 (1998)
- Shoults-Wilson WA, "Role of particle size and soil type in toxicity of silver nanoparticles to earthworms", Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J, 75, pp.365~377 (2011)
- Shoults-Wilson WA, "Effect of silver nanoparticle surface coating on bioaccumulation and reproductive toxicity in Earthworms(Eisenia fetida)", Nanotoxicology, 5, pp.432~444 (2011)
- Tessier A, "Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metal", Anal. Chem, 51, pp.844~851 (1979)
- Wang Y, "Dynamic probabilistic material flow analysis of nano-SiO2, nano iron oxides, nano-CeO2, nano-Al2O3, and quantum dots in seven European regions", Environ. Pollut, 23, pp.589~601 (2018)