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브라운송어(Salmo trutta)의 먹이원 분석과 먹이원으로 이용되는 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집에 대한 연구

Study on food sources of brown trout(Salmo trutta) and benthic macroinvertebrate community utilized as food sources

이종은|윤영진|김수환|안광국|노희원|권혁영|김재훈|배대열
한국환경생물학회 (Korean Society Of Environmental Biology)|2024.09|환경생물 (Korean Journal of Environmental Biology)|제42권 제3호|pp. 345-362|DOI 10.11626/KJEB.2024.42.3.345

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참고문헌

키워드

correlation analysislength-weight relationshiphogsfood typeSoyang River

초록

소양강댐 하류 일대에서 어류 및 저서성 대형무척추동물상, 브라운송어의 서식환경 및 먹이원 분석을 실시하였다. 브라운송어가 확인된 지점의 수온은 약 12.4~13.4°C의 범위로 나타나 브라운송어의 성장에 최적의 수온이 제공되는 서식환경으로 확인되었다. 하상구조는 대부분은 호박돌(Cobble), 자갈(Pebble) 기질의 비율이 높았다. 브라운송어의 상대풍부도는 전체 어류 중 5% 미만이었으며, 조사지점의 상류 구간에서 상대적으로 많이 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 브라운송어의 전장-체중 관계 분석 결과 매개변수 b는 3.234로 산출되었고, 전장 대비 비만도 지수(K)는 증가하는 양상으로 나타났다. 저서성 대형무척추동물의 경우, 우점종은 실지렁이(L. gotoi), 아우점종은 깔따구류 spp.(non-red type)로 나타났다. 브라운송어 위 내용물의 먹이원 분석 결과 수서곤충류(R.A., 73.8%)와 비곤충류(R.A., 23.3%), 육상곤충류(R.A., 2.7%), 어류(R.A., 0.2%, TL: 246 mm)의 순으로 분석되었다. 브라운송어의 전장에 따른 먹이 섭식 패턴을 파악하기 위해 위 내용물에서 확인된 종들과의 상관분석을 실시한 결과, 브라운송어의 먹이원 중 유수성 환경 선호 종들의 경우 전장과 양의 상관관계(p<0.05)를 나타낸 반면, 모래 기질 이하의 흐름이 적은 서식처를 선호하는 종들의 경우 전장과 음의 상관관계(p<0.05)로 나타났다. 이는 전장이 큰 브라운송어의 경우 물리적 요인인 유속, 하상 구조 등에 대해 저항이 큼에 따라 적극적인 먹이 활동의 결과로 판단된다. 채집된 브라운송어 중 가장 큰 개체(TL 246 mm)의 먹이원은 빙어인 것으로 확인된 바, 향후 전장 30 cm 이상의 브라운 송어를 포함한 먹이원 분석이 필요할 것으로 보이고, 먹이원에 대한 표본수가 크지 않아 향후 지속적인 연구를 통해 전반적인 개체군 관리가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Abstract

Habitat environment and food sources of fish, benthic macroinvertebrates, and brown trout (Salmo trutta) downstream of Soyang River Dam were analyzed. Water temperature at the site where brown trout was identified ranged from approximately 12.4 to 13.4°C, confirming that this environment could provide an optimal water temperature for the growth of brown trout. Most of the riverbed structures at this site had a high proportion of cobble and pebble substrates. Brown trout constituted less than 5% of the total fish population, more abundant in the upstream. The total length-weight relationship of brown trout showed a parameter b value of 3.234, with the condition factor (K) increasing with length. Dominant benthic macroinvertebrates were Limnodrilus gotoi and Chironomidae spp. (non-red type). Stomach content analysis indicated that brown trout primarily consumed aquatic insects (R.A., 73.8%), non-insects (R.A., 23.3%), ground insects (R.A., 2.7%), and fish (R.A., 0.2%, TL: 246 mm). Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between total length and species preferring flowing water (p<0.05) and a negative relationship of total length with species favoring low-flow, sandy habitats (p<0.05). Larger brown trout showed active feeding behavior and resilience to flow speed and riverbed structure. The primary food source for the largest brown trout (TL: 246 mm) was Hypomesus nipponensis. Future analyses should include brown trout with a total length of 30 cm or more. Given that samples were limited, comprehensive population management will require ongoing research.

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