생태계교란 생물인 블루길(Lepomis macrochirus)의 서식 환경에 따른 먹이원 섭식 특성 분석
Analysis of food source feeding characteristics of Lepomis macrochirus an invasive species according to habitat environment
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초록
본 연구는 안동댐과 영산강에서 저서성 대형무척추동물 및 어류를 대상으로 현장조사와 블루길의 위 내용물에 대한 먹이원 분석을 실시하였다. 서식지 유형에 따른 전장 범위는 안동댐에서 40~70 mm 범위는 7.0%, 80~220 mm 범위는 93.0%를 차지하였고, 영산강에서 50~100 mm 범위는 28.6%, 120~210 mm 범위는 71.4%를 차지하였다. 블루길의 먹이원 중 안동댐과 영산강에서 깔따구류(Chironomidae spp.)의 섭식률이 각각 72.6%, 80.4% 로 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 안동댐에서는 빙어(H. nipponensis) 17.5%, 꼬마하루살이류(Batidae sp.) 6.5% 등의 순으로 나타난 반면, 영산강에서는 꼬마하루살이류 7.5%, 개미류(Hymenoptera sp.) 3.8% 등의 순으로 나타나 차이를 보이는 것으로 확인되었다. 안동댐과 영산강에서 블루길의 EI 지수 분석 결과, 빙어, 참몰개와는 각각 -0.373, -0.975의 값으로 산출되어 먹이원으로서 기피하는 경향을 보였으며, 깔따구류(0.759, 0.892), 꼬마하루살이류(0.723)에는 먹이원으로서 선호하는 경향을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 블루길의 전장-체중 관계의 매개변수 b 값은 안동댐에서 3.452, 영산강에서 3.449로 각각 산출되었으며, 비만도 지수의 기울기 값은 안동댐 0.0067, 영산강 0.0065로 모두 양의 값을 나타내어 블루길의 영양상태는 양호한 것으로 분석되었다. 안동댐과 영산강에서 블루길의 먹이원 유형별 섭식 패턴 결과, 수서곤충의 섭식 비율이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 특히 영산강은 수서곤충의 섭식에 크게 의존하는 경향으로 나타났다. 서식기능군에 따른 섭식 패턴은 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 안동댐보다 영산강에서 더 다양한 먹이원을 섭식하는 것으로 나타났으며, 안동댐의 경우, 전장이 커질수록 생체량이 큰 먹이원을 섭식할 확률이 높아질 것으로 예상되며, 영산강의 경우 상대적으로 먹이원의 다양성과 풍부도가 높아 수환경 조건에 따라 기회적으로 섭식이 이루어지는 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
This study conducted field surveys targeting benthic macroinvertebrates and fish in Andong Dam and Yeongsan River, with the specific aim of analyzing bluegill stomach contents. Bluegills in Andong Dam ranged from 40-220 mm, with 93.0% between 80-220 mm, while those in Yeongsan River ranged from 50-210 mm, with 71.4% between 120-210 mm. The highest feeding rates in both sites were for Chironomidae spp., with findings of 72.6% in Andong Dam and 80.4% in Yeongsan River. In Andong Dam, H. nipponensis and Baetidae sp. were also significant at 17.5% and 6.5%, respectively, while in Yeongsan River, Baetidae sp. (7.5%) and Hymenoptera sp. were the next most common at 3.8%. The EI index showed that bluegills generally avoided H. nipponensis and S. tsuchigae (-0.373 and -0.975) whereas they preferred Chironomidae spp. (0.759, 0.892) and Baetidae sp. (0.723). The parameter b values of the total length-weight relationship of bluegill were calculated as 3.452 in Andong Dam and 3.449 in the Yeongsan River, respectively. The slope values of the condition factor were 0.0067 in Andong Dam and 0.0065 in the Yeongsan River. Both values were positive, indicating that the nutritional status of bluegill was good. Aquatic insects constituted the primary food source, particularly in Yeongsan River. Feeding patterns did not significantly differ by habitat orientation groups, but Yeongsan River bluegills consumed more diverse food sources. In Andong Dam, larger bluegills likely consume food sources with larger biomass, while Yeongsan River’s diverse and abundant food sources support opportunistic feeding tailored to the water ecological environment.
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