카메라 트래핑을 활용한 진관동습지의 조류 및 포유류 종다양성 모니터링
Monitoring bird and mammal diversity using camera trapping in Jingwan-dong wetland
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초록
본 연구는 서울시 은평구 북한산국립공원 내에 위치한 진관동 습지 내 관찰된 조류 및 포유류 조사 결과에 대해 카메라 트래핑 방법의 효율성을 확인하고, 생물다양성의 변화를 파악하는 효과적인 모니터링 방법으로 제안하기 위하여 수행되었다. 2022년 2월부터 6월까지 121일 동안 3가지의 수환경을 대상으로 총 6대의 카메라를 설치하여 카메라 트래핑을 진행하였다. 그 결과, 총 14,742개의 영상을 취득하였으며 데이터 취득률은 59.2%로 나타났다. 이를 분석하여 총 20과 47종의 조류와 7과 8종의 포유류의 서식을 확인하였다. 과거 생물조사 결과 비교를 위하여 2011년부터 지난 10년간의 현장관찰조사 결과를 취합한 결과, 총 33과 90종의 조류와 5과 6종의 포유류가 서식하는 것으로 확인되었다. 생물다양성이 감소하는 경향을 보이는 진관 동습지에서 카메라 트래핑을 통하여 확장된 생물종목록을 도출하였으며, 이는 지난 10년간 관찰되지 않았던 3과 3종의 조류와 2과 2종의 포유류를 포함한 결과이다. 현장관찰 조사가 지닌 시간적인 한계를 보완하는 카메라 트래핑은 적절한 카메라 설치 전략과 데이터 정제를 통하여 공간적인 한계를 극복한다면 효과적인 모니터링 방법이 될 수 있다. 다양한 분류군에 대한 카메라 트래핑을 통하여 도출된 생물종목록은 향후 복원 및 관리계획의 근거로 활용될 수 있다.
Abstract
This study applied a camera trapping method to investigate species diversity of birds and mammals in Jingwan-dong Wetland located in Bukhansan National Park, Seoul, Korea. The objectives of this study were to (1) verify the efficiency of the camera trapping method through a combination of literature and observation surveys, and to (2) propose it as an effective monitoring method to assessing changes in biodiversity. From February 2022 to June 2022, a total of six cameras were installed for 121 days to conduct camera trapping in three aquatic environments. As a result, a total of 14,742 videos were obtained with a data acquisition rate of 59.2%. Analysis of the data identified a total of 20 families and 47 species of birds with 7 families and 8 species of mammals. When previous field observation data compiled from the past 10 years starting from 2011 were analyzed, a total of 33 families and 90 species of birds with 5 families and 6 species of mammals were identified. Camera trapping in Jingwan-dong Wetland recorded species list, including 3 families and 3 species of bird and 2 families and 2 species of mammal not observed in the past decade. Thus, camera trapping, which complements temporal limitations of field survey, can be an effective monitoring method for rapidly changing biodiversity if spatial limitations are improved. Resulting species lists can serve as a basis for future restoration and management plans.
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