정수처리 환경조건에서 이산화염소의 화학적 안정성 평가
Chemical stability of chlorine dioxide in water treatment environments
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
정수처리 과정에서 미생물/병원성 바이러스의 제거를 위해 소독제 사용은 필수적이다. 다양한 소독제 중 이산화염소 (ClO2)는 소형 생물 제어에 효과적인 소독제로 평가받고 있다. 하지만 ClO2를 정수 처리장에서 활용하기 위해서는 해당 환경 내에서 ClO2의 화학적 안정성 및 반응성에 대한 정보가 필수적으로 제공되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 온도, 빛의 종류, 형광 강도, 수질 등 여러 환경적 요인이 ClO2의 안정성에 미치는 영향을 평가하고, 활성탄, 응집제, 차아염소산과의 반응성을 실험적으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, ClO2의 안정성은 다양한 환경적 요인에 의해 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 분석되었다. ClO2는 일반적으로 휘발성이 높은 물질이지만, 그 휘발 속도는 ClO2 농도와 무관하게 일정하게 유지되는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 온도와 형광 강도가 증가할수록 ClO2 농도는 급격히 감소하였으며, 빛의 종류에 따라서도 농도 감소 속도가 달라지는 것이 확인되었다. 활성탄의 흡착 등 표면 반응에 의해 ClO2 농도는 상당히 감소하였으나, 응집제 및 차아염소산과의 유의미한 반응성은 관측되지 않았다. 이러한 연구 결과는 정수처리 시설에서 ClO2 적용 시, 투입 시점 및 투입량을 결정하는 데 중요한 참고자료가 될 수 있다. 또한, ClO2의 소멸 속도를 정확히 파악함으로써, 이를 보완하기 위한 설비 개발이나 적합한 환경조건을 설정하는 데 유용한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
In treatment processes of drinking water, the use of disinfectants is essential for eliminating microorganisms and pathogenic viruses. Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is one of the most promising disinfectants. To ensure its effective application in drinking water treatment, it is crucial to investigate the stability and reactivity of ClO2 in drinking water treatment environments. Therefore, we examined the effects of various environmental factors such as temperature, light type, fluorescence intensity, and water quality on its stability. We also examined its reactivity with activated carbon and other inorganic compounds such as coagulants and hypochlorous acid. Findings revealed that ClO2 stability was influenced by several environmental factors. Typically, ClO2 is highly volatile. However, the rate of its volatility is independent of its concentration. As temperature and fluorescent light intensity increased, the concentration of ClO2 showed a rapid decline. Additionally, the presence of activated carbon significantly reduced ClO2 levels. In contrast, the reactivity of ClO2 with coagulants and hypochlorous acid was negligible. These findings provide essential insights for optimizing the use of ClO2 in drinking water treatment facilities.
참고문헌 (22)
- Angyal D, "Kinetic role of reactive intermediates in controlling the formation of chlorine dioxide in the hypochlorous acid -chlorite ion reaction", Inorg. Chem, 62, pp.5426~5434 (2023)[DOI]
- Baek Y, "Study on the behavior evaluation and control of midge larvae in the filtration process", J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng, 44, pp.418~425 (2020)[DOI]
- EPA, "Method 327.0. Determination of Chlorine Dioxide and Chlorite Ion in Drinking Water Using Lissamine Green B and Horseradish Peroxidase With Detection by Visible Spectrophotometry (EPA 815-R-05-008 Revision 1.1)", Technical Support Center Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, ~ (2005)
- Gan W, "The reaction of chlorine dioxide with inorganic and organic compounds in water treatment: Kinetics and mechanisms", Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol, 6, pp.2287~2312 (2020)[DOI]
- Gonce N, "Removal of chlorite and chlorate ions from water using granular activated carbon", Water Res, 28, pp.1059~1069 (1994)[DOI]
- Jeong CH, "Occurrence and toxicity of disinfection byproducts in European drinking waters in relation with the HIWATE epidemiology study", Environ. Sci. Technol, 46, pp.12120~12128 (2012)[DOI]
- Jeong SW, "Chlorine dioxide reaction trend and analytical method for chlorine dioxide (ClO2). Chlorite (ClO2-) and chlorate (ClO3-) by ion chromatography", J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng, 17, pp.543~552 (1995)
- Jütte M, "Reaction mechanisms of chlorine dioxide with phenolic compounds-influence of different substituents on stoichiometric ratios and intrinsic formation of free available chlorine", Environ. Sci. Tehcnol, 57, pp.18846~18855 (2023)[DOI]
- Lee Y, "Reaction and diffusion of chlorine dioxdie gas under dark and light conditions at different temperatures", J. Food Eng, 144, pp.20~28 (2015)[DOI]
- Lénès D, "Assessment of the removal and inactivation of influenza viruses H5N1 and H1N1 by drinking water treatment", Water Res, 44, pp.2473~2486 (2010)[DOI]
- Lim MY, "Disinfection kinetics of murine norovirus using chlorine and chlorine dioxide", Water Res, 44, pp.3243~3251 (2010)[DOI]
- Lin T, "The use of chlorine dioxide for the inactivation of copepod zooplankton in drinking water treatment", Environ. Technol, 35, pp.2846~2851 (2014)[DOI]
- An Assessment of Ozone and Chlorine Dioxide Technologies for Treatment of Municipal Water Supplies, "Miller GW", U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, ~ (1978)
- Park SH, "Effect of temperature on chlorine dioxdie inactivation of Ecsherichia coli 0157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes on spinach, tomatoes, stainless steel, and glass surfaces", Int. J. Food. Microbiol, 275, pp.39~45 (2018)[DOI]
- Sorlini S, "Influence of drinking water treatments on chlorine dioxide consumption and chlorite", chlorate formation, 2014, pp.54, 44~52
- Steffen C, "Chlorate poisoning: Mechanism of toxicity", Toxicology, 84, pp.217~231 (1993)[DOI]
- Sun XB, "Inactivation of Chironomid larvae with chlorine dioxide", J. Hazard. Mater, 142, pp.348~353 (2007)[DOI]
- Taylor RH, "Chlorine, chloramine, chlorine dioxide, and ozone susceptibility of Mycobacterium avium", Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 66, pp.1702~1705 (2000)[DOI]
- Voudrias EA, "Reactions of chlorite with activated carbon and with vanillic acid and indan adsorbed on activated carbon", Water Res, 17, pp.1107~1114 (1983)[DOI]
- Wang Z, "Bisphenol A degradation by chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and S (IV)", ClO2 process: Mechanism, degradation pathways and toxicity assessment, 2023, pp.339, 122736~
- Wen G, "Inactivation of three genera of dominant fungal spores in groundwater using chlorine dioxide: Effectiveness, influencing factors, and mechanisms", Water Res, 125, pp.132~140 (2017)[DOI]
- Zhong Y, "Disinfection byproducts and their toxicity in wastewater effluents treated by the mixing oxidant of ClO2", Cl2, 2019, pp.162, 471~481