한국에서 열대거세미나방 알기생벌 Telenomus remus Nixon (가칭: 밤나방검정알벌) [검정알벌과]의 첫 보고 및 생물적 특성 연구
First report of Telenomus remus Nixon (Scelionidae), an egg parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Noctuidae) in Korea and its biological characteristics
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본 연구에서는 국내 옥수수 포장에서 채집한 열대거세미나방 알덩어리로부터 우화한 알기생벌을 형태 및 분자동정하여 검정알벌과 (Scelionidae)의 Telenomus remus Nixon (1937) [(가칭)밤나방검정알벌]로 최초로 확인되었다. T. remus 성충의 수명 및 발육기간 (알-성충까지)은 기주 종류 및 성별에 따른 차이가 없었다. T. remus 암컷 성충은 우화 후 바로 산란하고, 하루에 1~3개에서부터 최고 37개까지 산란하였으며, 우화 후 1~2일째 가장 많이 산란하였다. 총 산란수는 기주로 열대거세미나방 알을 사용하였을 경우 평균 118.4 (7.0~352.0)개, 담배거세미나방의 알에 서는 평균 164.9 (5.0~372.0)개로 담배거세미나방 알을 사용하였을 때 산란수가 많았으나, 유의미한 차이는 없었다. T. remus의 산란 기주 선호도는 담배거세미나방>파밤나방>열대거세미나방 순으로 높았다. 기주 알의 나이에 따라 T. remus의 선호도가 달랐는데, 1~2일 된 알을 선호하였다. T. remus 자손의 암수 비율은 기주와 상관없이 암컷의 비율이 수컷보다 높았으며, 산란 초기에는 암컷 산자의 비율이 높다가 나이가 들수록 수컷 산자의 비율이 현저하게 높았다. 교미하지 않은 T. remus 암컷이 산란하여 부화한 경우, 100% 수컷 성충으로 arrhenotoky type의 단위생식을 보여주었으며, 교미하여 산란한 경우, 암수의 비율은 8.0 : 2.0로 암컷의 비율이 높았다. T. remus는 중복기생자 (gregarious egg parasitoid)가 아닌 단독기생자 (solitary egg parasitoid)로 판단된다. 본 연구에서 보고한 T. remus의 생물적 특성에 관한 연구 결과는 실험실 조건에서 대량생산을 위한 정보로 활용하거나 생물적방제 프로그램을 개발할 때 활용될 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
In this study, Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) was first reported as a natural enemy of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) egg collected from corn fields in Korea, and its biological characteristics was studied. Based on morphological and molecular analysis, the parasitoid emerged from S. frugiperda eggs was identified as T. remus. We found that T. remus can attack the eggs of S. frugiperda, Spodoptera litra and Spodoptera exigua under a laboratory condition. The longevity of T. remus female adult was longer than that of male adult. The egg-to-adult period of T. remus was not affected by the host age and sex. T. remus female adult laid at least 1-3 eggs a day to a maximum of 37 or more eggs, and the most oviposited on the 3rd to 4th day after emergence. The host preference for oviposition of T. remus adult was high in the order of S. litura>S. exigua>S. frugiperda. T. remus preferred to parasitize 1- and 2-day-old host egg rather than 3-day-old host egg. When compared to the sex ratio of T. remus progeny, the rate of female progeny was higher at the initiation time of oviposition, while the proportion of male progeny increased significantly with female adult age, especially after 8-day-old adult. This information may be useful for improving T. remus mass rearing system and developing a biological control program to control S. frugiperda.
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