Test of Insecticidal Efficacy of Some Commercial Natural Products against Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae), Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae), and Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae)
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The greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood) and the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisiatabaci (Gennadius) are serious insect pests that have awide host range including cucumber, tomato, and pepper. In this study, we tested larvicidal efficacy of severalon-the-market environment–friendly agriculturalmaterials (EFAM) to select the effective products afterthe target pests were stabilized in indoor rearing condition. The developmental periods of two whiteflies areas follows: in the case of T. vaporariorum, egg durationis 9.6 days and nymph is 18.9 days, and in the case ofB. tabaci, egg duration is 7.4 days and nymph is15.2 days under 25oC with relative humidity (RH) of60±5% and a photoperiod of 16 L: 8D. The totalperiod of T. vaporariorum was 5 days longer than B. tabaci. Among 22 EFAMs six products showed morethan 60% of insecticide efficacy against T. vaporariorumBTV B, BTV D, BTV G, BTV L, BTV M, andBTV S. On the other hand, seven EFAM productsshowed over 60% of insecticide efficacy against B. tabaci BTV D, BTV G, BTV K, BTV L, BTV M, BTVN, and BTV U. In the case of Spodptera litura previously,16 EFAMs were tested against 2nd instar S. litura,and six EFAMs were found to have more than90% efficacy. Test of these six EFAMs against entirelarval stages were performed in this study. Althoughsome of these products showed still more than 90% ofinsecticidal efficacy against up to 3rd instar larvae, theefficacy of these EFAMs sharply decreased as agesincrease, resulting in less than 60% of efficacy of theproducts at most. This result indicates the difficulty tocontrol S. litura with the on-the-market EFAMs aloneunder economic injury level. Collectively, it is requiredto find more EFAMs, and find alternative method, andcombined way of controlling to control those insectpests tested in this study.
Abstract
The greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood) and the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisiatabaci (Gennadius) are serious insect pests that have awide host range including cucumber, tomato, and pepper. In this study, we tested larvicidal efficacy of severalon-the-market environment–friendly agriculturalmaterials (EFAM) to select the effective products afterthe target pests were stabilized in indoor rearing condition. The developmental periods of two whiteflies areas follows: in the case of T. vaporariorum, egg durationis 9.6 days and nymph is 18.9 days, and in the case ofB. tabaci, egg duration is 7.4 days and nymph is15.2 days under 25oC with relative humidity (RH) of60±5% and a photoperiod of 16 L: 8D. The totalperiod of T. vaporariorum was 5 days longer than B. tabaci. Among 22 EFAMs six products showed morethan 60% of insecticide efficacy against T. vaporariorumBTV B, BTV D, BTV G, BTV L, BTV M, andBTV S. On the other hand, seven EFAM productsshowed over 60% of insecticide efficacy against B. tabaci BTV D, BTV G, BTV K, BTV L, BTV M, BTVN, and BTV U. In the case of Spodptera litura previously,16 EFAMs were tested against 2nd instar S. litura,and six EFAMs were found to have more than90% efficacy. Test of these six EFAMs against entirelarval stages were performed in this study. Althoughsome of these products showed still more than 90% ofinsecticidal efficacy against up to 3rd instar larvae, theefficacy of these EFAMs sharply decreased as agesincrease, resulting in less than 60% of efficacy of theproducts at most. This result indicates the difficulty tocontrol S. litura with the on-the-market EFAMs aloneunder economic injury level. Collectively, it is requiredto find more EFAMs, and find alternative method, andcombined way of controlling to control those insectpests tested in this study.
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