자원자 저속추돌실험을 통한 두부와 경부 충격량 연구
A Study of Impact on Head and Neck Using Human Volunteer Low-Speed Rear Impact Tests
2
조회
0
다운로드
7
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Whiplash injury in low-speed traffic accidents are not objectively verified by medical equipment, thereby creating scope for misuse, which has resulted in huge social losses worldwide. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of low-speed vehicular rear-impact collisions on middle-aged men, and to analyze the head and neck injury criteria for the symptomatic human volunteers. Data was examined from the results of 50 dynamic sled tests, originally performed by Hong et al. (2012). In the previous tests, 50 men aged 3050 years were exposed to an impulse equivalent to a bumper-to-bumper rear collision under medical supervision, and no resulting whiplash injury was identified. In this study, for 6 subjects who experienced dull aches over their bodies, head injury criteria (HIC15) and neck injury criteria (Nkm) were calculated according to the accelerations, forces, and moments at the occipital condyle measured by motion capture system. Although there were no changes in magnetic resonance imaging findings in all subjects at the pre-/post-test orthopedic examination, 6subjects revealed mild aches around the shoulder, back, or lumbar area, and their symptoms disappeared within 2 days. The head and neck injury criteria, HIC15 (3.086± 2.942) and Nkm (0.077 ± 0.064) were obtained, and the maximum HIC15 and Nkm were found to be significantly lower than the critical injury assessment reference values (HIC15: 700, Nkm: 0.3). Moreover, even though 2 subjects were exposed to the same level of change of velocity (7.9 km/h), each Nkm was significantly different (0.179, 0.057). One can therefore conclude that Nkm can vary according to voluntary movements in the human subject.
Abstract
Whiplash injury in low-speed traffic accidents are not objectively verified by medical equipment, thereby creating scope for misuse, which has resulted in huge social losses worldwide. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of low-speed vehicular rear-impact collisions on middle-aged men, and to analyze the head and neck injury criteria for the symptomatic human volunteers. Data was examined from the results of 50 dynamic sled tests, originally performed by Hong et al. (2012). In the previous tests, 50 men aged 3050 years were exposed to an impulse equivalent to a bumper-to-bumper rear collision under medical supervision, and no resulting whiplash injury was identified. In this study, for 6 subjects who experienced dull aches over their bodies, head injury criteria (HIC15) and neck injury criteria (Nkm) were calculated according to the accelerations, forces, and moments at the occipital condyle measured by motion capture system. Although there were no changes in magnetic resonance imaging findings in all subjects at the pre-/post-test orthopedic examination, 6subjects revealed mild aches around the shoulder, back, or lumbar area, and their symptoms disappeared within 2 days. The head and neck injury criteria, HIC15 (3.086± 2.942) and Nkm (0.077 ± 0.064) were obtained, and the maximum HIC15 and Nkm were found to be significantly lower than the critical injury assessment reference values (HIC15: 700, Nkm: 0.3). Moreover, even though 2 subjects were exposed to the same level of change of velocity (7.9 km/h), each Nkm was significantly different (0.179, 0.057). One can therefore conclude that Nkm can vary according to voluntary movements in the human subject.
참고문헌 (22)
- US National Highway Transportation Safety Administration, "Federal motor vehicle safety standards. Head restraints; Final rule", CFR Part, 49, pp.571~
- Richter M, "Whiplash-type neck distortion in restrained car drivers: frequency, causes and long-term results", Eur Spine J, 9, pp.109~117 (2000)
- "Korea Insurance Development Institute 2008 Automobile insurance statistical data", ~ (2008)
- 김헌수, "자동차보험 대인배상 경추염좌 피해자의 치료비 특성 연구", 리스크관리연구, 22(1), pp.125~153 (2011), 한국리스크관리학회
- Deutscher C., "Flow of movement of vehicle occupants in a rear-end collision: determining objective measured values for assessing type and severity of injury", 박사, pp.1994
- McConnell WE, "Human head and neck kinematics after low velocity rear-end impactsunderstanding“ whiplash.”", Proceedings of the 39th Stapp Car Crash Conference, pp.215~238 (1995)
- Castro WH, "Do“ whiplash injuries” occur in low-speed rear impacts?", Eur Spine J, 6, pp.366~375 (1997)
- Ono K, "Motion analysis of human cervical vertebrae during low-speed rear impacts by the simulated sled", Crash Prev Injury Control, 1, pp.87~99 (1999)
- Welcher JB, "Relationships between seat properties and human subject kinematics in rear impact tests", Accid Anal Prev, 33, pp.289~304 (2001)
- Hong SW, "Motion analysis of head and neck of human volunteers in low-speed rear impact", J Auto-Vehicle Safety, 4, pp.37~43 (2012)
- Watanabe Y, "Influence of seat characteristics on occupant motion in low-velocity rear-end impacts", Accid Anal Prev, 32, pp.243~250 (2000)
- Davidsson J, "Human volunteer kinematics in rear-end sled collisions", Traffic Inj Prev, 2, pp.319~333 (2001)
- Siegmund GP, "Kinetic and kinematic responses of the RID2a, Hybrid III and human volunteers in low-speed rear-end collisions", Stapp Car Crash J, 45, pp.239~256 (2001)
- Kang Y, "New MRI grading system for the cervical canal stenosis", Am J Roentgenol, 197, pp.134~140 (2011)
- Bostr¨om O, "A new neck injury criterion candidate-based on injury findings in the cervical spinal ganglia after experimental neck extension trauma", Proceedings of the international IRCOBI conference on the biomechanics of impact 1996 (1996)
- Eichberger A, "Pressure measurements in the spinal canal of post-mortem human subjects during rear-end impact and correlation of results to the neck injury criterion", Accid Anal Prev, 32, pp.251~260 (2000)
- Yoganandan N, "Biomechanics of human occupants in simulated rear crashes: documentation of neck injuries and comparison of injury criteria", Stapp Car Crash J, 44, pp.189~204 (2000)
- Schmitt K-U, "N ㎞ - a proposal for a neck protection criterion for low-speed rear-end impacts", Traffic Inj Prev, 3, pp.117~126 (2002)
- Park SJ, "Neck fracture case at low speed in frontal collision", Korean J Leg Med, 31, pp.175~179 (2007)
- Kullgren A, "Validation of neck injury criteria using reconstructed real-life rear-end crashes with recorded crash pulses", Int’l ESV Conference 2003 (2003)
- "Assessment protocol and biomechanical limits" (2004)[URL]
- Vernon H, "The neck disability index: a study of reliability and validity", J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 14, pp.409~415 (1991)