중국 고속철도 건설이 항공여객운송산업에 미치는 영향 분석
China’s Construction of High Speed Trains and Its Impact on the Air Passenger Industry
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중국은 최근 전국적인 고속철도 네트워크를 건설하기 위해 막대한 투자를 감행하고 있다. 이러한 고속철도 노선들이 실제 개통되면 그 파급효과는 경제뿐만 아니라 지역, 생활, 산업 등 다방면에서 많은 변화를 일으킬 것이다. 그 중에 항공업계에 미치는 부정적인 영향에 대해서는 벌써부터 우려하는 목소리가 높아지고 있다. 개혁개방 이후 중국경제가 눈부시게 성장하면서 국내 이동인구가 폭발적으로 증가하였고 이를 기반으로 꾸준히 성장해온 중국의 항공운송산업은 여객운송에 새로운 혁신을 가져올 고속철도 개통으로 큰 영향을 받을 수밖에 없기 때문이다. 본 논문은 최근 중국이 추진하고 있는 여객운송산업의 정책과 이에 다른 변화와 영향을 연구하는 것이다. 이를 위해 중국의 항공여객운송산업의 현황과 문제점을 살펴보고, 단ㆍ중ㆍ장거리별로 고속철도의 건설과 개통이 항공업계에 미치는 영향을 분석함으로써 중국 항공업계가 나아갈 방향과 전략을 제시하고자 하였다.
Abstract
Since 2008, Chinas has been accelerating its construction projects of high speed train networks across the nation. This has been carried out as one of the counter-measures to stimulate the economy in the midst of the global financial crisis. High speed trains will carry passengers at the speed of 200~350 km/h between cities in almost every corner of China’s vast territory when the whole projects are completed by 2020. Among them, 11 individual routes of the networks have already been completed. For example, a new high speed train route has begun its operation to serve between the cities of Wuhan and Guangzhou in December 2009. The route stretches to 1,069 km, and the train can cover the distance in merely 3 hours, compared to 11 hours before the HST. Therefore, the HST will bring about a lot of changes to China’s economy, regional development, people’s lifestyle and many industries. This paper studies the impact of the High Speed Trains specifically on the air passenger industry. China’s air line industries has been growing rapidly ever since the opening and reforms of 1978. However, their business is primarily based on domestic routes with poor quality service. Nevertheless, they now have to confront a new challenge from the HST because many of their routes will be overlapped with each other. The HST has a lot of advantages to attract passengers, compared to the air liners, such as lower price, easy access, more comforts, as well as the high speed. So, it is expected that this will cause a serious threat to the air passenger industry. By studying the impact, this study tries to find a way to overcome the conflict of fierce competition and develop a win-win strategy for both of the industries. This paper first reviews the current status and problems of the air passenger industry. Then, it will study the details of the HST projects, and their impact on the air passenger industry. Finally, it will offer few strategic ideas for the air passenger industry to overcome this challenge.
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