유엔의 자위권 해석과 군사적 개입 — 자위권에 기반한 공격을 중심으로 —
The UN's Interpretation of Self-defense and Military Intervention - Focusing on preemptive strike based on self-defense -
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UN헌장에 따른 군사적 개입은 기본적으로 헌장 제2조 제4항의 무력사용금지원칙에 따라 금지되나, 예외적으로 상대국의 선제공격이 존재하고, 그 공격에 대해 유엔안전보장이사회가 조치를 취하지 않을시에만 선제공격에 상응하는 자위권의 행사가 가능하다. 최근 핵무기와 생화학무기의 발달로 인해 헌장 제51조의 규정을 확대해석하여‘무력공격이 예상되는 경우(if an armed attack seems possible)'로 간주될 때, 특히 그 무력공격이 임박하고 바로 실행될 것으전수미 변호사로 확실하게 여겨질 때 예방적 자위권의 행사에 따른 선제적(preemptive)공격이 가능하다는 논의가 있다. 하지만 세계 1, 2차 대전의 참혹성을 겪은 후 헌장에 무력사용금지원칙이 적용된 점이나 예방적 자위권 실행의 기준인 ‘임박하고 선제적 공격을 하지 않으면 안 될 절박한 상황’이라는 점은 1981년 이스라엘의 오시라크 원자로 폭격과 같이 어디까지나 선제적 공격을 하려는 국가의 판단에 맡겨져 충분한 오판의 여지와 남용될 소지가 많다는 점에서, 국제법적으로 북한의 대량살상무기 개발을 이유로 한 예방적 자위권의 행사에 따른 군사적 개입은 허용되지 않는다 할 것이다.
Abstract
Military intervention based on the UN Charter is basically prohibited according to the Principle of Non-Use of Force of Article 2 (4) of the Charter, however, if there is a preemptive strike by the other country and the U.N. Security Council does not take action against the attack, it is possible to exercise the right of self-defense corresponding to the preemptive attack. Due to the recent development of nuclear and biochemical weapons, the Article 51 of the Charter may be broadly interpreted as "if an armed attack seems possible". In particular, there is a debate that preemptive attacks are possible at the level of preventive self-defense when the "armed attack" is considered "imminent and sure to be practiced immediately". However, it should be taken into consideration that the Principle of Non-Use of Force was applied to the Charter after the terrible events of World War I and World War II, and that the criterion for the implementation of anticipatory self-defense rights is 'imminent, urgent situation unavoidable of exercising preemptive strike’. Also given the case of Israeli attack on the Osirak reactor in 1981, there is a potential danger of misjudgment and misconduct because it is decided by the state exercising attack. Therefore, in the case of North Korea’s proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, the military intervention due to the exercise of anticipatory self-defense is not allowed under international law.
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