웹기반 협력학습 환경에서 대리적 학습을 통한 학습효과 분석
The Analysis of Learning Effects from Vicarious Learning in Web-based Collaborative Learning Environment
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본 연구는 웹기반 협력학습에서 대리적 학습의 효과를 알아보기 위해 협력학습의 학습조건에 따라 전문가 관찰, 협력적 관찰, 학습자간 협력, 단독학습의 네 집단을 구성하고 학습효과(성취도, 만족도, 참여도)를 분석하고자 서울 모대학 학생 72명이 참여한 웹기반 협력학습을 수행하였으며, 본 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 웹기반 협력학습에서 학습조건에 따른 학습효과 중 성취도와 참여도의 글 조회 수, 만족도 중 자기 평가와 동료 평가, 그리고 참여도 중 글 게시 수와 글 조회 수는 서로 정적인 상관을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 협력학습의 학습조건에 따른 성취도는 학습자간 협력 집단, 전문가 관찰 집단, 협력적 관찰, 단독학습 집단의 순으로 나타났다. 셋째, 웹기반 협력학습에서 학습조건에 따른 만족도 중 자기 평가는 세 집단에서 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 동료 평가는 협력적 관찰과 학습자간 협력 집단에서 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 협력학습의 학습조건에 따른 글 게시 수는 협력적 관찰 집단에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 글 조회 수는 전문가 관찰, 협력적 관찰, 학습자간 협력, 단독학습의 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 종합하면 다음과 같으며, 이는 웹기반 협력학습의 효과를 증진하기 위한 설계방안을 수립하는데 구체적인 시사점을 제공할 것으로 기대한다. 첫째, 웹기반 협력학습에서 전문가의 튜터링 관찰이나 다른 팀의 모니터링을 통한 대리적 학습은 협력학습에서 학습자의 참여를 독려하는 효과적인 방법이다. 특히 협력적 관찰의 경우 글을 게시하는 활동을 좀더 적극적으로 하는 경향이 나타났다. 둘째, 웹기반 협력학습에서 성취도를 높이기 위해서는 교수자의 정리된 자료나 튜터링이 지식을 습득하는 데 효과가 있다. 셋째, 웹기반 협력학습에서 교수자가 개입되지 않은 협력적 관찰이나 학습자간 협력의 경우 동료에 대한 만족도를 높이고 팀웍을 증진하는데 효과적이다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate how the learning conditions(observing tutoring, observing collaboratively, collaborating without observing, and studying alone) and how vicarious learning affect the students' collaborative learning effects(achievement/ participation/ satisfaction) in web-based collaborative learning. Seventy-two university students participated in this web-based collaborative learning topics are related to effective educational curriculum. The results of this study are as follows: First, there was a significant correlation between the learning achievement score and the number of page views, self evaluation score and peer evaluation score, and the number of discussion web posts and the number of page views. Second, the learning achievement score based on learning conditions that collaborated without an observing group obtained the highest score among four groups, the observing tutoring group of the second highest score, and the studying alone group the lowest score. There were statistically significant differences in the learning achievement scores. Third, in result of the satisfaction analysis based on learning conditions that there were no statistically significant differences among three groups on self evaluation, both observing collaboratively group and collaborating without observing group obtained the highest score on peer evaluation. Finally, the number of discussion web posts based on learning conditions of the observing collaboratively group obtained the highest score. Meanwhile, in result of the number of page views on participation analysis the observing tutoring group obtained the highest score. The observing collaboratively group got the second highest score, and the studying only group the lowest score. In conclusion, this research has found out that the reason why observing tutoring collaboratively through vicarious learning is so effective. This alternative learning environment consists of collaborative observation. Expert's tutoring observation is positively related to learners' active participation, satisfaction and actual achievement in web-based collaborative learning environment. Further study should be conducted on how stimulated learning effects by vicarious learning and what other instructional design factors and supporting strategies should add into web-based collaborative learning. The alternative web-based collaborative learning environment might be a leverage to combine the benefits of tutoring, collaborating, and the potential benefit of observing.
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