대학교 역전학습에서 예비교사들의 학습참여에 대한 질적 연구
A Qualitative Analysis of Preservice Teachers’ Engagement in a University Flipped Classroom
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본 연구의 목적은 대학생들의 역전학습수업 경험을 토대로 학생들의 학습참여가 어떻게 일어나는지를 질적으로 탐색하는데 있다. 이를 위해 C대학교 교직과목 수강생 121명을 대상으로 역전학습수업에 참여한 뒤 경험 일지를 작성하도록 하였다. 자료 수집은 1차(2014년 9월~10월), 2차(2015년 3월~4월), 3차(2015년 9월~10월)에 걸쳐 이루어졌으며, 1, 2, 3차 참여 대상자는 상이하다. 자료의 분석은 원 자료의 전사, 대상자의 기술(protocol) 읽기, 문장단위로 사례 절편화(단편화)하기, 코딩, 주제의 생성 등 5단계를 거쳤다. 그 결과 ‘정의적 영역(정서적 안정감, 지적만족감, 재미, 동기, 자신감, ‘행동적 영역(학습자-학습자 상호작용, 학습집중도, 참가활동, 학습자-교수자 상호작용, 학습성실성), ‘인지적 참여 영역(내용 이해, 내용 전이, 내용 파지)’ 등 총 3개 영역에서 13개의 대학 역전학습에서의 학습참여 요인이 도출되었다. 이는 다시 긍정적 경험과 부정적 경험으로 구분하였으며, 그 결과 긍정적 경험(78.3%)의 개념빈도가 부정적 경험(21.7%)에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 역전학습에서의 교실 안 수업은 학생들로 하여금 수업 시간에 따라가지 못할 것 같은 걱정과 부담을 감소시켜 정서적 안정감을 증진시켰으며, 확보된 교실 내 학습자 참여 활동 시간은 학생들의 학습에 대한 흥미와 학습참여에 대한 의욕을 높인 것으로 나타났다. 특히 교실 밖과 교실 안이 연계된 반복학습은 학생들의 학습내용 이해도 향상에 크게 기여했으며 지식의 개념이 보다 더 명료해 지고 학습내용을 각인시키는데 긍정적 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 반면 교실 밖 수업에서는 혼자 하는 학습에 대한 어려움과 오개념에 대한 불안감 그리고 학습시간에 대한 부담감을 경험한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 스스로 학습 관리가 어려운 일부 학생은 교실 밖 수업에서의 집중력 저하로 학습내용에 대한 이해도가 현저히 떨어졌으며 이는 교실 안 수업시 교수자 설명과 모둠활동 전반에 걸친 인지적 참여에 있어 부정적 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to qualitatively explore student engagement of a university students taking flipped course. One hundred-twenty-one students who were enrolled in teacher education mandatory courses were asked to submit journals of their flipped learning experience. Data collection was done from the classes of Fall semester of 2014 through Fall semester of 2015. Data analysis was done in 5 stages: transcribing, interpretive reading, fragmenting, coding, developing themes. The results showed 13 factors in 3 areas, that are affective (emotional stability, intellectual satisfaction, enjoyment, motivation, and confidence), behavioral (student-student interaction, concentration in learning, participation activities, student-instructor interaction, and diligence in learning), and cognitive (content understanding, content transfer, and content retention) areas. Positive experiences and negative experiences were separated. It showed more positive experience (78.3%) than negative experience (21.7%). Flipped learning reduced anxiety of falling behind in class and increased emotional stability. It also lessened delivery time to secure student participation opportunities which increased motivation and eagerness for engagement. Repetitive learning in and out of classroom contributed to enhance content understanding, clarify concepts learned as well as retention of memory. On the contrary, out of class learning amplified difficulties of self learning, anxiety for misconcepts, and burden for learning time. Furthermore, portion of students who were not good at controlling their own learning had trouble understanding content due to the lack of concentration. This affected negatively for the cognitive engagement in instructor led deliveries in class.
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