리튬 이차전지의 흑연 음극 표면피막 생성기구와 전해질과의 상관성
Mechanism of Surface Film Formation on Graphite Negative Electrodes and Its Correlation with Electrolyte in Lithium Secondary Batteries
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초록
초기 충전 과정에서 흑연 음극에 생성되는 표면피막은 리튬 이차전지의 중요한 구성 요소로 전지반응은 표면피막의 본질에 크게 영향을 받는다. 따라서 표면피막의 물리화학적 성질을 이해하는 것은매우 중요하다. 한편, 표면피막의 형성 반응은 흑연/전해질 계면에서 진행하는 매우 복잡한 계면 현상이며, 표면피막은 반응성이 높고 공기 중에서 불안정하기 때문에 리튬 이차전지의 전극 표면을연구하는데 있어서 in-situ 실험 기술은 매우 중요하다. 이와 같은 점에서 전위가 제어된 상태에서다양한 전기화학 반응이 진행하는 전극/용액 계면을 직접 관찰할 수 있는 전기화학적 원자간력현미경(Electrochemical Atomic Force Microscopy, ECAFM)은 매우 유용한 도구이다. 본 총설에서는 흑연 음극에 생성되는 표면피막의 본질적 이해에 중점을 두어 표면피막의 생성기구 및 전해질과의 상관성에 관하여 in-situ ECAFM 분석 결과를 중심으로 하여 정리하였다.
Abstract
The surface film, which is formed on graphite negative electrodes during the initial charging, is a key component in lithium secondary batteries. The battery reactions are strongly affected by the nature of the surface film. It is thus very important to understand the physicochemical properties of the surface film. On the other hand, the surface film formation is a very complicated interfacial phenomenon occurring at the graphite/electrolyte interface. In studies on electrode surfaces in lithium secondary batteries, in-situ experimental techniques are very important because the surface film is highly reactive and unstable in the air. In this respect electrochemical atomic force microscopy (ECAFM) is a useful tool for direct visualizing electrode/solution interfaces at which various electrochemical reactions occur under potential control. In the present review, mechanism of surface film formation and its correlation with electrolyte are summarized on the basis of in-situ ECAFM studies for understanding of the nature of the surface film on graphite negative electrodes.
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