우울 증상과 사회적 기술이 스트레스 생활사건에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Depression and Social Skills on Stressful Life Events
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초록
우울증이 스트레스 사건을 예측한다는 스트레스 유발 가설과 스트레스 유발 과정의 기제로서 사회적 기술이 우울과 스트레스 사건 간의 관계를 중재한다는 가설을 검증하기 위해, 각 연구대상자를 1개월에 걸쳐 2회 측정하는 단기 종단 연구를 시행하였다. 대학생 224명을 대상으로 주요 스트레스 사건, 우울 증상, 사회적 기술을 측정하였으며, 교차지연 상관패널 분석, MANOVA, 위계적 회귀분석 등을 통해 나타난 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 스트레스가 1개월 후의 우울 증상을 예측하였고, 우울 증상이 1개월 후의 스트레스를 예측하였다. 둘째, 각 참가자들이 1개월 동안 경험한 스트레스 사건을 사건의 발생에 자신이 원인을 제공하는가의 여부에 따라 독립적 사건과 의존적 사건으로 나누어 살펴본 결과, 독립적 사건에 있어서는 우울집단과 정상집단 간 차이가 없었으나 우울집단이 정상집단보다 더 많은 의존적 사건을 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 우울 증상의 세 가지 하위요인(부정적 태도, 수행결함, 신체증상)이 스트레스 사건에 미치는 차별적 효과를 검토한 결과, 수행결함이나 신체증상보다 부정적 태도가 스트레스 사건의 유의한 예언 요인이었다. 넷째, 스트레스 유발 기제로서 사회적 기술의 중재효과를 검토했을 때, 사회적 기술의 하위요인인 정서적 표현성 및 정서적 조절성, 사회적 표현성, 사회적 조절성이 우울 증상의 스트레스 사건에 대한 영향을 조절하는 중재효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구결과의 임상적 함의와 본 연구의 제한점을 논의하였다.
Abstract
This was a prospective study designed to test the stress generation theory which suggests that depression predicts stressful life events and to investigate the role of social skills as a mechanism of stress-generation in depression. The participants were 224 under-graduate students who completed the questionnaires about major stressful life events, depression and social skills on two occasions, one month apart. The data were analyzed using cross-lagged panel correlation analysis, MANOVA, and regression analysis. The results were as follows: (1) Stressful events predicted subsequent depression, and depression predicted subsequent stressful events.(2) Depressed people had more dependent events and more interpersonal events after one month than non-depressed people, but depressed people did not have more independent events than non-depressed people. (3) In terms of the three factors on the BDI, negative attitudes towards self predicted subsequent stressful life events more than the other two factors, performance impairment and somatic disturbance. (4) Although social skills in general were not shown to have moderating effects on the relationship between depression and subsequent stressful events, moderating effects were found for various sub-factors of social skills such as emotional expressivity, social expressivity, emotional control and social control. The clinical implications and the limitations of the study were discussed.
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